摘要
九万山位于广西北部的中央(25°10’～25°25’N,108°27’E),界于泛北极植物区和古热带植物区的交汇处。其主要植被为亚热带常绿阔叶林。最高海拔为1693m,最低处仅170m。经对1850号标本的鉴定,共计有藓类植物35科、101属和189种。本文分析了九万山的藓类植物区系成分,将其划分为 10种类型。其中东亚成分最为丰富(39.33％),热带、亚热带成分次之(38.20％),而温带成分居第三位(18.54％)。本文选择了九万山临近的五个地区加以比较。其中,金佛山与九万山藓类植物的属和种的相似性系数分别为60.68％和36.87％,神农架为57.29％和33.13％。尖峰岭为48.83％和22.29％,西双版纳为57.29％和29.63％。而我国东部的武夷山则为69.86％和39.57％,其相似性系数在相比较的五个山区中为最高。九万山区有4个特有属并明显受喜马拉雅的影响。特别值得注意的是,在九万山区藓类区系中约有7％的种类是典型的热带成分。根据定量和定性的分析,笔者认为九万山的藓类区系表现出由热带向亚热带过渡的特性,其分界线可能位于九万山的南侧。
The Jiuwan Mountains, situated in the middle of northern Guangxi,South China (25°10'-25°25'N, 108°27'E), is a transitional region between the Holarctic flora and Paleotropical flora. Its main vegetation is subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests consisting of the Lauraceae, Teaceae, Fagaceae and Magnoliaceae. The highest peak of the mountains is 1693 m above sea level, and its bottom is only 170 m.
In 1931, H. Reimers first reported the mossflora of Guangxi titled 'Beitraege Zur Mossflora China I' . Four years later, Edwin B. Bartram published 'Additions to the mossflora of China'. Hu Sun-si (1981) reported twenty-five species of mosses in Guangxi in 'Preliminary observation on bryophytes in the evergreen broad-leaved forest of Huaping Forest Region in Guangxi'. Up to then reported were about 25 families, 43 genera and 62 species of mosses in Guangxi.
In 1989, Li Zhen-yu, Long Guang-ri and Zhang Can-ming made the first botanical expedition to the mountains and about 500 packages of bryophytes were collected there. One year later, Wang Mei-zhi, He Xiao-Ian and the first author of this paper made bryophytic survey in the mountains, and about 1350 packages of bryophtes were collected there. From all the above specimens, 35 families, 101 genera and 189 species of Mosses are identified. According to 'The areal-types of Chinese genera of seed plants' by Wu Zheng-yi, ten type of the mossflora of the Jiuwan Mountains are recognized: Cosmopolitans ( 8 families and 9 genera ) , Pantropical elements ( 7 families and 8 genera ) , Paleotropical elements (4 families and 4 genera), Tropical Asian to African elements (4 families and 5 genera), Tropical Asian elements (19 families and 33 genera), North Temperate elements (9 families and 17 genera), East Asian & North American disjunctive elements (6 families and 6 genera), Temperate Asian elements (4 families and 4 genera), East Asian elements (71 species), Endemic to China (5 species). Totally, the East Asian elements are the most important ones (39. 33%), then the tropical and subtropical elements (38. 20%) are also abundant, and the temperate elements (18. 54%) are the third one.
For considering the relationships between the mossflora of the Jiuwan Mountains and those of the neighbouring regions, the authors selected five regions around the Mountains. The similarity coefficient of moss genera between the Jiuwan Mountains and the Jinfu Mountains, east Sichuan, is 60. 68% ,and that of moss species is 36. 87% . The similarity coefficient of moss genera and species between the Jiuwan Mountains and the Wuyi Mountains are 69. 86% and 39. 57% respectively, higher than those of the other mountain regions. Comparing the mossfloras of the Jiuwan Mountains and the Jianfeng Mountains, there are fourty species commonly, among them thirty-two species are tropical elements which clearly show the close affinity to the tropical mossflora. The similarity coefficient of moss genera and species of the above two mountain are 57. 29% and 29. 63% rsepectively. Due to the influence of the Himalayas, the tropical elements of Xishuangbanna are different from the Jiuwan Mountains and the Jianfeng Mountains. Floristically, Shennongjia is situated in the transitional region between West and East China, and the similarity coefficient of moss genera and species between the Jiuwan Mountains and Shennongjia are 57. 29% and 33.13%.
East-Asia tic endemic genera of the bryophytes are regarded as 'Tertiary fossil plants' which enjoy a warm and moist environment. They are mainly limited to temperate and subtropical region. Though there are some species of East-Asiatic element in Xishuangbanna, East-Asiatic endemic genera so far have not been found. There are two genera of East-Asiatic endemic genera of the bryophytes in Jianfengling belonging to tropical region. Nine of East-Asiatic endemic genera of the bryophytes have been recorded in Mt. Jinfu, and show the characteristic of overlapping distribution between Eastern and Western.
Topographically, the Jiuwan Mountains is located at the Southeast of the Yun
出处
《植物分类学报》
CSCD
1995年第5期461-468,共8页
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金
关键词
藓类植物
植物区系
广西九万山
The Jiuwan Mountains
Northern Guangxi
Mossf lora
Boundary line between the tropical and subtropical regions
South China
