摘要
目的掌握燃煤型氟中毒现状,评价防治效果,为防治决策提供依据。方法调查8￣12岁儿童氟斑牙,各病区区县普查病区村;并调查重症(Ⅲ度)氟骨症病例;各病区抽取一定儿童检测尿氟;抽查各类病区玉米和辣椒氟污染;调查改炉改灶及饮食情况;各病区县同时抽样调查非病区村儿童氟斑牙、尿氟、玉米和辣椒氟及改炉改灶。结果调查病区村626个,儿童74795人,氟斑牙患病率为45.86%,缺损率为7.09%,有206个村达到控制病区标准;4县发现Ⅲ度氟骨症患者222例;尿氟中位数为0.89mg/L,5个区县>1mg/L;玉米和辣椒氟中位数分别为1.70mg/kg和9.20mg/kg;炉灶改造率为68.85%,正常使用占70.00%;居民食用大米为主;调查148个非病区村,发现氟斑牙患病率30%以上的病区村12个。结论病区缩小,病情减轻,防治效果显著,但部分病区病情仍较重,并出现了新的病区,须加强改炉改灶为主的综合性降氟除氟措施。
Objective To investigate the current situation of endemic fluorosis related to air pollution caused by burning coal in Chongqing and to evaluate the effectiveness of countermeasures against fluorosis. Methods Dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis Ⅲ° were investigated among children aged 8 to 12 in 13 counties. Urine fluoride content of children sampled from each age group was detected. Fluoride content of corn and pepper was detected in fluorosis endemic areas. The oven improvement and diet were investigated. At the same time the dental fluorosis of children, fluoride content of urine, corn and pepper, oven improvement were investigated in non-endemic areas by sampling as control. Results 74795 children were investigated in 626 villages in endemic areas. The detected rate of dental fluorosis was 45.86% and the fraying rate was 7.09%. 222 eases of skeletal fluorosis Ⅲ° were diagnosed in 4 counties. The median of urine fluoride content was 0.89 mg/L and it was higher than 1 mg/L in 5 counties. The median of fluoride content in corn and pepper was 1.70 mg/kg and 9.20 mg/kg respectively; the detected rate of oven improvement was 68.85% and the rate of proper oven using was 70.00%. The rice was the major diet for local residents. 206 villages reached the criterion of controlled endemic area. The detected rate of dental fluorosis was more than 30% in 12 villages in non-endemic area. Conclusions The endemic areas are have shrunk, the disease situation is improved. Remarkable progress has been made in controlling fluorosis, However, the situations in some endemic areas are still serious and new endemic areas have appeared. So it was important to strengthen the defluoridizing measures mostly aiming at oven improvement.
出处
《中国地方病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第5期547-550,共4页
Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology
关键词
氟化物中毒
氟中毒
牙
尿氟
粮食氟
改炉改灶
Fluoride poisoning
Fluorosis dental
Urinary fluoride
Food fluoride content
Oven improvement
