摘要
随着我国草原的日益退化,牧民的生存和发展形势严峻,牧区的生态移民问题已经提到议事日程,并在我国许多牧区开始实践。该文对牧区生态移民的成因和途径做了初步的探索。我国牧区人口已超出了生态环境的承受力,许多牧民已经丧失了基本生产生活资料———草原。草原封育需要牧区进行生态移民,要用科学的发展观指导牧区生态移民;政府要用宏观、开放的视野指导牧区生态移民,不能局限在一时一地解决这一问题;向牧区未利用草原移民;改革牧区的第一产业,发展牧区的第二、三产业,为牧民创造更多的就业岗位以减轻向系统外移民的压力;向农村和城镇转移,实现从草原生态经济系统向系统外移民。
Abstract： With the deterioration of the grassland in China, more and more herdsmen are facing a very grim situation. So the ecological emigration in pasture areas has been on the agenda and even practiced in quite a few places. The paper studies the causes of the phenomenon, holding that the population in pasture areas is beyond the bearing capacity of the grassland and herdsmen are losing their living and production base--grassland, and that to recover the grassland requires engaging in ecological emigration. To solve the problem, governments at all levels should adopt the scientific development viewpoint and direct the emigration with a global and open mindset. Approaches like emigrating to the vacant grassland, reforming the primary industry,promoting the second and the third industries to ensure higher employment of herdsmen, and some other approaches such as emigrating to countryside or towns, are also put forward in the paper.
出处
《北京林业大学学报（社会科学版）》
2005年第3期55-58,共4页
Journal of Beijing Forestry University ：Social Sciences
基金
内蒙古社科规划项目"制度视域下的草原生态环境保护"(项目编号:0416)资助
关键词
牧区
生态移民
生态经济弹性
承受力
pasture areas
ecological emigration
elasticity of ecological economy
bearing capacity
