基于GIS和USLE的下庄小流域土壤侵蚀量预测研究被引量：35

Prediction of Soil Erosion at Small Watershed Level Based on GIS and Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE)

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摘要将地理信息系统Geographical Information System(GIS)与通用土壤流失方程Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE)相结合进行流域土壤侵蚀量的预测和估算.以福建省九龙江典型小流域下庄为研究区域,在桌面GIS软件MapInfo和ArcView的支持下,建立流域的空间数据库,利用GIS的栅格数据空间分析功能,将小流域空间离散化为10 m×10 m的栅格,根据合适的USLE因子算法生成各因子栅格图,借助GIS图形运算,实现了下庄小流域的土壤侵蚀量估算和土壤侵蚀关键源区的标识,进一步利用GIS和USLE结合对小流域进行土壤侵蚀控制措施的模拟,为下庄小流域土地利用和水土保持提供科学依据.研究结果表明,下庄小流域的平均土壤侵蚀模数为2 541.66 t/km2.a,土壤侵蚀强度属中度,强度侵蚀以上区域占流域面积的11.17%.在模拟实施控制管理措施后,小流域土壤侵蚀模数降为1 570.89 t/km2.a,土壤侵蚀强度属轻度,强度侵蚀以上区域降为3.75%. Xiazhuang watershed,sub-watershed of J iulong river watershed,is chosen as the typical study area. Desktop GIS software,i, e. MapInfo and ArcView, is used to establish the spatial database, including boundary of sub-watershed, water course,landuse,soil category, plant,etc. Based on the GIS＇ s function of raster spatial analysis, the watershed is discreted into uniform grids with the cell of 10 × 10 m,and USLE is integrated with ArcView and ARC/INFO to predicted soil erosion in the Xiazhuang sub-watershed after selecting reasonable USLE factor values. The soil erosion is estimated and the critical areas of soil erosion in the Xiazhuang subwatershed are finally identified. Results show that annual average soil erosion amount is 2730.3 t/km2 , which falls into the category of moderate erosion. High erosion category （sediment yield is higher than 5000 t/km^2·a） occupied 11.17% of the total watershed areas. After changing the controlling measures of soil erosion in the Xiazhuang sub-watershed, the soil erosion is further simulated and predicted by integrating USLE with ArcView. As a result,annual average soil erosion amount declines to 1570.89 t/km^2 which falls into the category of low-grade erosion. The proportion of highly eroded area is only 3.75% of total, and the extreme erosion area disappears. The simulation result reveals that the critical areas of soil erosion play a key role in regional soil erosion, which makes a good suggestion for management and control of the soil erosion in the Xiazhuang sub-watershed.

作者洪华生杨远黄金良

机构地区近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室(厦门大学) 英国皇家学院生命科学系环境科学与工程部清华大学环境科学与工程系

出处《厦门大学学报（自然科学版）》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2005年第5期675-679,共5页 Journal of Xiamen University：Natural Science

基金福建省科技重大攻关项目(2002H009)资助

关键词地理信息系统(GIS) 通用土壤流失方程(USLE) 土壤侵蚀量下庄小流域 geographical information ystem （GIS） universal soil loss equation （USLE） soil erosion Xiazhuang sub-watershed

分类号 X833 [环境科学与工程—环境工程]

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