摘要
中国低次烟叶资源的综合利用不仅关系到烟农的经济效益,同时也关系到资源短缺和环境污染问题的解决。当前中国低次烟叶资源非常丰富,种植面积133×104hm2左右,年产量大约为240×104t,均居世界首位;但正面临着综合利用水平低、途径少、资源浪费非常严重等一系列问题。本文综述了中国低次烟叶资源分布特点、变化趋势及综合利用现状,探讨了低次烟叶资源综合利用的途径:部分低次烟叶重新用于卷烟生产;低次烟叶中蛋白质用于生产普通蛋白食品、功能性食品、香精香料、医药学辅助材料和植物保护剂等;茄尼醇用于合成辅酶Q10、VK、抗癌增效剂SDB等;烟碱用于开发高效、低毒、低残留的无公害农药;氨基酸、有机酸和糖等成分可作为重要的化工原料或用于生产香精香料等;论述了低次烟叶资源综合利用的重大意义,旨在为我国低次烟叶资源的综合利用实践提供理论依据和方法借鉴。
The discarded tobacco leaf resources are generally referred to the generic terms of all kinds of tobacco leaf resources that are not suited to produce cigarette directly. The discarded tobacco leaf resources are abundant in the world, especially in China, and it is crucial to utilize comprehensively these resources. However, no report has been seen on utilizing the discarded tobacco leaf resources. At present, the discarded tobacco leaves resources in China are abundant and the tobacco planting area if about 133 × 10^4hm^2 and the yield of 240 × 10^4t are the highest in the world. Annual yield of the discarded tobacco leaf is about 60 × 10^4t in China and there are regional differences in the distribution of discarded tobacco leaf resources. Yunnan, Guizhou, Henan and Hunan provinces are the major areas where tobacco leaf resources are produced. The comprehensive utilizations of discarded tobacco leaf resources are not only associated with benefits of peasants planting tobacco, but also with the solution to problems of lack of resources and environment pollution in our country. In addition, the discarded tobacco leaf resources are confronted with a series of potential problems, such as low utilization degree, few utilization methods, serious waste of resources and so on. In order to solve those problems, the distribution characteristic, variation tendency and comprehensive utilizations of discarded tobacco leaf resources are summarized in this paper so as to provide theory and techniques for comprehensive utilization of discarded tobacco leaves resources. And the management practices are reviewed systemically to reuse discarded tobacco leaves comprehensively. A part of discarded tobacco leaf is reused to produce cigarette. Protein in discarded tobacco leaf can be utilized, such as to produce food, essence, flavor, accessorial material in medicine and functional protein against microbial attack in plant growth. Solanesol, extracted from discarded tobacco leaf, is used to synthesize coenzyme Q10, Vitamin K and anticancer accelerant SDB. Biological pesticide can be made from nicotine in discarded tobacco leaf with high efficiency, low toxicity, and low residue and nuisanceless. Amino acids, organic acids and sugar in discarded tobacco leaves can be used as industrial chemicals or in produci comprehensive utilizations of discarded ng essence and flavor. At the same time, the significance of tobacco leaves is probed.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第5期120-127,共8页
Resources Science
基金
广东省烟草专卖局重大项目"低次烟叶蛋白精深加工关键技术及其系列产品的研究"(编号:粤烟科[2003]17号)。
