摘要
从前人讨论的不及物动词带宾语入手,提出不及物动词带宾语这一现象背后隐藏着不及物动词和及物动词的互相转化过程。及物动词在常规化的过程中凝固了典型的宾语语义变为不及物动词;不及物动词随着人们概念结构的拓展而逐渐演变成及物动词;词典的修订,语言的习得过程及人们对世界的认识和概念化过程都很好地说明了这一点。最后文章从认知语言学和社会语言学的角度对转化的内在因素进行了探讨,指出心智结构和社会结构是这些转化过程的主导动因。
Starting from the discussion of the problem of intransitive verbs followed with objects, the author has put forward that what stands behind the phenomenon is the mutual conversion of transitive verbs and intransitive verbs. The transitive verb undergoes detransitivization in the process of stereotypicalizafion by incorporating the typical semantic component of its object while the intransitive verb transitivizes along the extension of human being＇s conceptual structure, which is well exemplified by the revision of dictionaries, the language acquisition process and human being＇s perception and construal of the world. Based on this, an investigation was made into the factors leading to the conversion from the perspective of cognitive linguistics and sociolinguistics. It is pointed out that the dominant factors behind are the influences from human mentality and the social structure.
关键词
不及物动词
及物动词
转化因素
认知语言学
社会语言学
Intransitive verb
Transitive verb
Converting factors
Cognitive linguistics
Sociolinguistics
