摘要
夏大豆荚而不实是阻碍黄淮平原生态类型区大豆生产发展的一大障碍,为了解决这一问题,进行了10多年研究,基本弄清了该症发生的机理,形成了一套行之有效的防治措施,并在生产中得到推广应用。其结果是:大豆荚而不实大致可分为矮缩、徒长和中间三种类型,这主要是一种因土壤缺硼而引起的生理性病害。据相关分析,土壤有效硼含量与大豆单株空秕荚率呈显著负相关(r=-0.4628*),籽粒含硼量与单株空秕荚率呈极显著负相关(r=-0.7597**),无论何种质地的土壤,其有效硼含量与籽粒含硼量均呈极显著正相关(r=0.8295**)。发生荚而不实的环境因素有土壤缺硼、迎茬栽培、施肥不当、气候条件和品种原因等。其主要防治措施为增施硼肥、合理轮作倒茬、应用植物生长调节剂、优化施肥技术及病虫害综合防治等。
In summer pods without peas in soybean block the development of soybeans production in ecotype region of Huang-Huai Plain. To solve the problem, we have made a series of research with great concentration for more than ten years. Finally we understood its mechanism basically and formed a set of Tried and true preventive measures. These measures are brought into application and dissemination. Now the resuit shows that： pods without peas in soybean are basically divided into three types： bushy stunt, excessive growth of branches and leaves, the upper midst. This is mainly because the lack of boron, resulting in physiological disease. According to the correlation analysis, there is an obvious inverse correlation between the effective boron content in soil and individual seedless pods （r=-0.4628^＊）, while it is more obvious between the boron content in pods and individual seedless pods（r=-0.7597^＊＊）. No matter what kind of soil, its effective boron content has notable positive correlation with that of seeds（r=0.8295^＊＊）. Here are the environmental factors： lacking of boron, immediate planting after crops, unjustified fertilizers, climatic conditions, causes of seeds, etc. The main preventive measures are as follows：①.Addition of boron fertilizers.②. Reasonable irrigation and drainage. ③. Choices of good seeds for different kind of soil. ④. Proper rotatation after crops ⑤ Application of plant growth regulator. ⑥. Optimization of fertilizer means, and wholly integrated pest control etc.
出处
《中国农学通报》
CSCD
2005年第10期123-127,共5页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
河南省科技攻关计划项目"大豆荚而不实发生机理及预防措施研究"(981020212)资助
