摘要
哈萨克民间文学的传承方式有一个从简到繁的发展过程,最初只是无意识的血缘传承方式,后来发展到有意识的书面等传承方式。一部民间文学作品的形成、发展和完善过程就是说唱艺人与听众共同创作的过程。一部民间文学作品,经过若干代艺人的说唱,会形成具有时代特色的历时版本;经过同一代不同艺人的说唱,会形成具有个体特色的共时版本。不论是历时版本,还是共时版本,都离不开听众的参与和艺人的再创作。这个再创作的过程给书面版本的诞生提供了天赐良机,书面传承也就应运而生。哈萨克族民间文学作品书面传承的方式分为手抄、印刷和音像文本三种。
The spreading of Kazak folk literature undergoes a process from simple to complexity, i.e, from unconscious consanguinity spreading to consciously written spreading. The creating, developing and improving process of any piece of literature work is in nature a process of co-creation by both the folk performer and the audience. The same piece could have countless common diachronic editions af[er generations of telling and singing whereas it is also possible that a piece of work could have countless individualized synchronic editions within the same generation of telling and singing. Synchronic or diachronic, indispensable are audience＇s participation and actor＇s recreation. It is just the recreation process that provides the naissance of written literature. Generally, Kazak written literature are carded on via manuscripts, printing edition, as well as video and audio edition.
基金
国家级课题<哈萨克英雄史诗与草原文化>(01BZW047)的部分成果。
关键词
哈萨克族
民间文学
书面传承
Kazak
Folk Literature
the spreading in written form
