摘要
综合分析了鱼类摄食生态研究的理论、方法及其应用中的诸多问题：胃含物分析法、营养生境及食物重叠、食物链与食物网、营养结构与营养级、摄食器官的形态特征与摄食行为的关系、食物选择以及生理生态因子对鱼类摄食的影响；提出了食物排序的概念、优势度指数D及其判定公式，并以此比较客观地建立了摄食生态相似的鱼类群落主次食物的划分标准；以计分法原则为基础，初步探讨了鱼类营养级的计算方法；另外分析了相似度指数Q、Simpson指数S、多样性指数H、均匀度指数J以及食物选择指数I在鱼类摄食生态研究中的应用。
This paper review the thcories, methods and application of feeding ecology offish, and dicuas the following aspects: (1) stornach contentS analysis, (2) trophic niche anddiet overap, (3) food chains and food webs, (4) trophic leves, (5) triteria for prindpal and amndary pny taxa of fish commnity (6) reahonships between boing behavior and the morphological characteristics of the digestive organs (7) effects of ecological and physiologica factors on the feeding selectivity of fish.A new measure, diet dominance index (Dj), is put forward to determine the contribution of a prey to the diets of a fish community of similar feeding behavior:Where Pij is the peamt Weght of prey j in the diet of predator i; fj is the frequencyoccurrence of prey j, expressed as the number of predators in whose diets prey j appears.The diet dondnance index for each prey was caiculated and used to classify the prey into principal prey (Dj>0.5), secondary prey (0.5>Dj>0.1) and rare prey (Dj<0.1).Batal on the point methods by former authors, a formula for trophic level of fish is Suggested for discussion:Where T is the trophic level of the ptalator Ti is the trophic letel of prey i. Trophic levels of photoplankton and herbivorous zooplankton are 1.0 and 2.0, respectively. Trophic levels of other cadrivorous ptalators are estimatal by the new method. Pi is the points ofprey i, estimated from its contribution to the stomach conants of the predator.Other indices such as overlap index Q, percent simillarity index PSI, diversity index H,evenness index J, Simpson index S and Ivlev index I are also applied to thestudy on the feding ecology of fish, which is fully discund in this paper.
出处
《海洋与湖沼》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1996年第5期556-561,共6页
Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica
关键词
鱼类
摄食生态
摄食器官
Fish feeding ecology Theories and methods Applications
