摘要
对焉耆绿洲近30年3期遥感数据(1973年MSS,1990年TM,2000年ETM)应用遥感与地理信息技术进行解译和拓扑后,在fragstats 景观格局分析软件中,计算出不同时期景观指数,根据计算结果从类型水平和景观水平上进行了分析,分析认为,人类活动对焉耆绿洲景观格局尤其是天然植被和耕地有很大影响,耕地面积在近30年间增长了增长120%.2000年耕地已经成为面积最大的景观类型,其最大斑块指数,达到16.24%.天然植被斑块密度由1973年0.0213增大到2000年0.0505,斑块数从120增加到284个,面积减少了68%,破碎化程度提高,在空间上趋于离散.1973～1990年,城镇面积增加了373.95%.1990～2000年又增加了38.36%,近30年间城市和农村居民点的斑块数增加了65个.博斯腾湖周边的芦苇沼泽地,1973～1990年,面积减少了17.52%,1990～2000年,又恢复了14.80%.从景观水平上整个研究区的斑块数在增长,平均斑块面积在减小,这3个时期的斑块密度分别为 0.098,0.135,0.158,斑块密度的提高表明了斑块破碎化增加.香农多样性指数值在1990年上升到1.96后又在2000年下降到1.93,绿洲整体的异质性和多样性在1990年上升2000年下降.
In the experiment,the results of three remote sensing data （1973 MSS, 1990 TM,2000 ETM） of Yanqi oasis in the past 30 years were interpreted on the basis of RS and GIS technology. The landscape index of different periods in fragstats was calculated out based on analysis on software of landscape pat- tern. By the result of calculation, the class level and landscape level were analyzed and it was found that the human activity has very great influence on Yanqi oasis landscape pattern, especially on cultivated land and natural vegetation here. The cultivated land area had been increased by 120% for the past 30 years. The cultivated land has already become the largest landscape type, its LPI reached 16.24% in 2000. From 1973 to 2000 the PD of natural vegetation increased from 0. 213 to 0. 0505,its NP increased to 284 from 120, the area has reduced 68% ,fragmentation degree increased, became more and more dispersive on the space. In 1973 to 1990, the urban area has been increased by 373.95%,that has been increased by 38. 36% from 1990 again, The NP of city and countryside residential area had increased by 65 for the past 30 years. The area of reed marshland of Bosten Lake was reduced by 17. 52% from 1973 to 1990, but increased by 14.80%in 1990 to 200. NP of the whole research district increased from the landscape level, Area_MN is being reduced, The PD of three periods is 0.098,0. 135,0. 158. This indicated that the patch fragmentation degree increased. But SHDI dropped to 1.93 in 2000 after rising to 1.96 in 1990, the whole heterogeneity and variety in the oasis rose in 2000 and dropped in 1990.
出处
《新疆农业大学学报》
CAS
2005年第4期5-10,共6页
Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University
基金
国家自然科学基金(4026008)
