摘要
本研究结合全国耕地地力调查与质量评价项目的实施，利用“3S”技术对呼伦贝尔市岭东黑土区的68．11万公顷耕地进行了系统调查。根据1980～1982年全国第二次土壤普查927个土壤农化样点，与2002～2003年全国耕地地力调查与质量评价项目的1007个农化样点的同位对比资料，对该地区土壤的肥力现状进行了系统的分析。结果表明，该地区的耕地土壤肥力退化明显，其中土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾下降幅度较大，20年间分别下降了15．52g／kg、0．813g／kg、27．7mg／kg、64．3mg／kg，下降幅度分别为25．38％、26．3％、12．93％和27．35％。只有土壤速效磷表现明显上升趋势，增长幅度达105．83％，这与多年大量施用磷肥有关，说明人类的生产活动对土壤肥力的变化有重大影响，通过合理有效地补充土壤养分是能够调节土壤养分平衡的。
Lingdong black soil zone of Hulunbuir city is located in the foothill belt in which mountainous region of Great Xingan Mountains transits to Songnen Plain. It is an important constituent of black soil area of Northeast China. Due to the long term development use and cultivation influence, soil physics properties and chemistry characters have had an obvious change ; and the soil fertility degeneration has been serious. Combining with the implementation of the project ＇ national soil fertility investigation and its quality appraisal on cultivated land＇, a systematic investigation was carried out on a 681100 ha farming area using ＂3S＂ technique. Base on the same position paring comparison between the 927 soil chemistry sampling points in the second national soil survey in 1980-1982 and 1007 soil chemistry sampling points in the captioned project in 2002-2003, we carried out a systematic analysis on the present soil fertility on the cultivated land （mainly was black soil, dark brown soil and meadow soil） of Lingdong black soil zone. Result showed that soil fertility of cultivated land dramatically degenerated. All nutrient indexes except available P showed a decline tendency, among which soil organic matter, total nitrogen, hydrolyzed N and available K were dramatically declined. Throughout the past 20 years, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, hydrolyzed N and available K declined by 15.52 g/kg, 0.813 g/kg, 27.7 mg/kg and 64.3 mg/kg, and the percentage decline was 25.38%, 26.3%, 12.93% and 27.35%, respectively. However, soil available K showed a upward tendency with percentage increase being 105.83%, which related to long term P application. This indicated that anthropogenic disturbance had a significant influence on the variation of soil fertility and soil nutrient balance could be adjusted through rational effective nutrient supplement.
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第1期25-31,共7页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
2002~2003年农业部耕地地力调查与质量评价项目资助
关键词
黑土区
耕地
土壤肥力
black soil area
cultivated land
soil fertility
