摘要
自农村改革以来,存在四种农田灌溉均衡:一是税费改革前,乡村组织以收取共同生产费的形式来组织农田灌溉的均衡;二是由村庄强人出面组织农户进行灌溉的均衡;三是既无乡村组织借重国家强制力,也无村庄强人借重私人暴力来抑制搭便车行为,从而形成的以微型水利灌溉为主的均衡;四是以村民小组或村为单位建立用水协会,组织农户灌溉的均衡。在当下中国,由于农民特殊的公正观,乡村组织退出农村公共物品供给领域后,农村很可能普遍出现第二或第三种均衡的糟糕局面。因此,农村公共物品供给,必须以国家强制力为保障,形成国家与村庄之间合作与互补的供给机制。
Since rural reform took place, there have been four equilibrium forms of farmland irrigation. First, before the taxation reform, the rural organizations collected collective production fees to support farmland irrigation. Second, some influential people in the village organize the peasants “for farmland” irrigation. Third, in the places where the first two forms do not exist, mini- sized irrigation becomes most important. Fourth, the association of irrigation and water conservation, adopting village or small group of peasants as its basic unit, is set up to organize rural households for irrigation. At present, after the rural organi- zations withdraw from the puhlic goods supply field in the rural area, the second and the third form would most probably arise, due to the peasants＇ special concept of justice. As a result, the rural public goods supply must be ensured hy state coercive means, and thc supply mechanism of cooperation and mutual complementation between the state and the countryside villages should be formed.
出处
《经济学家》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第1期62-69,共8页
Economist
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"我国农村与农民问题研究"的阶段性成果
关键词
农村公共物品
农田水利
供给机制
治理
Rural puhlic goods, Farmland irrigation and water conservation, Supply mechanism, Governance
