摘要
直接民主与间接民主的问题,是当代政治哲学的一个热点。本文通过对密《代议制政府》的重新解读,澄清了直接民主和间接民主的关系。密尔系统地阐述了代议制民主的问题,他的间接民主理论中包含着直接民主的因素。一方面密尔把人民亲自参政的直接民主视为代议制民主的基础和前提,阐明了人民参政的直接民主的正当性、合理性;另一方面他又深刻地分析了人民参政的直接民主可能带来的弊病和危险。实际上,直接民主是一把双刃剑,它既可以成为克服暴政的武器,又可能导致多数的暴政;既可以成为自由的保障,也可能成为自由的敌人。因此,需要根据实际情况,扬利避害,在政治制度的设计中,正确地适度地运用直接民主的形式,保证人民的政治参与。
The issue of direct democracy and indirect democracy is one of the hotspots of the contemporary political philosophy. This paper clarifies the relationship between direct democracy and indirect democracy more clearly by the re-unscrambling of john Stuart Mill' s Considerations On Representative Government. Mill expatiated upon the theme of representative government systematically. It includes the elements of direct democracy in his theory of indirect democracy. On the one hand, Mill took the direct democracy coming from the people's political participation as the base and precondition of representative democracy, clarified the justice and rationality of the direct democracy; on the other hand, he analyzed profoundly the possible disadvantages and dangers coming from direct democracy .9 the people themselves participate the political affairs. Actually, direct democracy is a sword with double blades, it can become the weapon of overcoming the tyranny, and it can also lead to the tyranny of the majority ; it can be the guarantee of freedom, and the enemy of it, too. Therefore, we should develop the advantages and stay away from the disadvantages of direct democracy according to the practical situations, and in order to guarantee the people's political participation, we should use direct democracy correctly and moderately in the design of the political system.
出处
《现代哲学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第1期45-52,共8页
Modern Philosophy