摘要
北方干旱、半干旱地区地下水超采严重,水资源供需矛盾突出。为探索一条地下水合理开发利用的途径,本文提出了“有序”开采的思路:在未来几十年内,政府部门应根据人口、经济发展规划提出地下水资源需求量的控制计划,并给下属各地区下达取水配额,使储存资源的消耗处于有计划和监控范围内。有序开采应分阶段实现:第一阶段应以抑制超采量的过快增长为目标;第二阶段应以需水总量的下降为目标;第三阶段应实现总需水量低于地下水系统补给资源量,使数十年超采造成的储存资源亏空逐年得以偿还。“有序”开采应注意三点:①超采必须限制在有限时间内;②开采活动应在政府的严格控制之下,任何超过计划配额的取水行为都是不允许的;③开采量和总需水量的下降,必须以节水为前提。发达国家的需水量变化经历证明,通过“有序”开采实现北方地区地下水可持续利用是可行的。
Groundwater overexploitation is very serious in arid or semiarid areas of North China. As we are in a dilemma of both reducing exploitation and expanding exploitation, it is urgent for us to seek reasonable exploitation of groundwater to ensure further economic and social development. In view of the inevitable overexploitation in the following eertain years, we propose the ordered exploitation to solve the problem. In several decades, the government should first make a plan to control the total groundwater requirement based on the population and economic development program, and then distribute exploitation quota to the subordinate areas so as to control and monitor the consumption of deposited groundwater resources. Ordered exploitation should be carried out in the following steps： the aim of the first step is to control the drastically increasing exploitation volumes; then we target at the decline of the total water requirement; In the third step, the total water requirement should be less than the renewable resources to compensate for the loss of storage resources due to the exploitation in the previous steps. The following three points should be noticed： ① Overexploitation should be limited in finite time. ② Any action of extra exploitation volume exceeding distributed quota should be forbidden. ③ Economizing water must be the premise to ensure the decline of both exploitation volume and the total water requirement. As proved by the developed countries＇ experiences of water consumption change, it is feasible to realize the sustainable utilization of groundwater in North China in the way of ordered exploitation.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
2006年第1期127-131,共5页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国土资源部科技专项计划项目(200010302)
中国地质调查局专题研究项目(200310400009)资助
关键词
“有序”开采
合理开发
储存资源
水资源持续利用
水量平衡
ordered exploitation
reasonable development
storage resources
sustainable utilization of groundwater
water balance
