摘要
在一个价值观念日趋复杂化与多元化的时代,应用伦理学的任务与其说是追求道德真理,不如说是寻找道德共识,也即通过理性的论证来赢得大多数人道德上能够接受的有关伦理冲突的解答方案。因此,应用伦理学的首要任务就在于对具有不同价值诉求的各种论证方法进行综合对比,并为对它们的应用做出论证。通过对功利主义、契约主义、德性论、责任伦理、形式化的道德法则等各种论证方式的分析,文章认为,任何单一的伦理学理论都难以在应用伦理学的平台上占据统治地位。而人权原则则是各种伦理学理论共同的道德视点,它构成了应用伦理学进行道德论证的惟一基点。应用伦理学的论证过程,就是以这一共同的道德视点为根基,以多数决原则为辅助,以纠错机制为补充,为道德冲突寻求解答方案的探索过程。
In a time of increasingly complex and diverse values, the task of applied ethics is the pursuit of moral consensus rather than moral truth, that is, to find a solution that is morally acceptable for the majority of ethical conflicts by means of rational argumentation. Thus the first and foremost task of applied ethics is a synthetic comparison of various methods of argumentation that have different value claims, and of justification of their application. In the analysis of utilitarianism, contractarianism, the nature of virtue, the ethics of responsibility, and formalized moral laws, the author states that there is no single ethical theory that could possibly dominate on the platform of applied ethics. Yet the principle of human rights constitutes a moral point of view shared by various ethical theories, and hence the only foundation for moral justification of applied ethics. The process of argumentation in applied ethics is one of probing for solutions for moral conflicts on the basis of this common moral focus, with the help of the majority principle and error correction mechanism.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第1期135-145,共11页
Social Sciences in China
