摘要
采取田间调查的方法,对长江三角洲地区粮田、保护地蔬菜、露地蔬菜和菜稻轮作4种种植类型土壤质量的差异及其形成原因进行了研究。结果表明,蔬菜栽培中肥料用量较高,在3种主要蔬菜种植类型中,保护地栽培肥料用量最大,年纯养分高达到1826.2kg·hm-2;保护地蔬菜土壤盐分累积现象最为严重,10a保护地和3a保护地分别比粮田增加了450%和138%,而pH分别降低了0.78和0.33个单位,NO3--N分别高出24.76和13.03倍,有效磷只有10a保护地显著高出粮田9.12倍。与粮田相比,保护地土壤微生物区系差异也最大,3a保护地土壤细菌和放线菌比粮田分别高出了2.54倍和5.66倍,而真菌在10a保护地土壤中最多,比粮田高出9.04倍。露地蔬菜土壤理化性状也表现出与保护地蔬菜相同趋势的变化。菜稻轮作土壤中理化性状变化与粮田之间差异不明显,只有真菌数量有明显增加。初步结果表明,蔬菜栽培中大量施肥导致土壤理化性状恶化,可能导致微生物和作物的生长障碍,引起土壤质量下降。
In recent years, the problem that soil quality degradation results in reducing vegetable yield is very serious. In order to solve this problem, the difference of soil quality and formative factors among four patterns ofeuhivations including paddy field, greenhouse vegetable cultivation, open-field vegetable cultivation and vegetable-paddy rotation were studied by investigations in Yangtze River Delta area. The resuits showed that in contrast to paddy field, fertilization in vegetable cultivation was higher and greenhouse vegetable cultivation was the most of the three patterns of vegetable cultivation with fertilization of 1 826.2 kg· hm^-2. And salinization in the greenhouse under vegetable cultivation was the most, too. Soil EC for 10-year and 3-year greenhouse cultivation increased as high as 450% and 138%, more than that of paddy field, while soil pH decreased 0.78 and 0.33 units, respectively, and soil NO3^--N increased 24.76 and 13.03 times, respectively. Soil available P of 10 years planting greenhouse vegetable cultivation increased 9.12 times significantly compared with paddy field. Soil microflora of greenhouse culture soil also changed mostly, i.e. the amount of bacteria and aetinomyees in the,3 year greenhouse increased 2.54 and 5.66 times more than that of paddy field. On the other hand, biomasses for bacteria and actinomyces in 10 year greenhouse culture decreased dramatically. Furthermore, fungi amount is the most in 10 year greenhouse soil with 9.04 times more than that in paddy soil. Fungi amounts increasing in soil will imperil soil quality because it was prone to result in some soil-borne diseases such as epidemic disease of melon, blight of tomato, and so on. Soil property of open-field vegetable cultivation changed as the same trend as greenhouse cultivation. There were no evident soil property difference between vegetable-rice rotation and paddy field except that fungi increased obviously. It is suggested that large quantity of fertilization result in deterioration of soil physical and chemical characters such as soil EC, NO3-N, Olsen-P and pH, that further adversely affect soil microflora and then the crop. It seems that bacteria and actinomyces were affected by soil nutrients levels while fungi perhaps were affected not only by nutrients but also by the continuous vegetable planting period.
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第1期95-99,共5页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
国家科技部973项目"长江
珠江三角洲地区土壤和大气环境质量变化规律与调控原理"(2003-2008
2002CB410806)
科技部专项"我国农业面源污染的监测
评价与预警研究"(2004-2005)
国家科技攻关计划"长江中下游集约化农区水田污染控制技术研究"(2004-2005
2004BA516A02-04)
农业部专项"优质菜果花智能化营养诊断技术("2003-11-03B
2003-2005)
