摘要
目的:了解警察院校大学生心理健康与体育锻炼态度状况,探讨两者间的关系。方法:于2005-05采用集体抽样的方法抽取公安大学两个公安专业学生122人。采用症状自评量表进行心理健康测试。量表设计的自变量有总分、总均分、阳性项目数、阳性症状分和躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性、恐怖、偏执、精神病性和其他因子10个因子得分。被试根据近1周的感受对90道自测题进行1～5级评分(无、轻度、中度、相当重、严重)。经过自变量组合(内生变量)产生阳性症状发生率。测量中进行自愿记名和匿名测量。同时采用北京体育大学毛建荣研制的锻炼态度量表进行体育锻炼态度测试,量表包含行为态度、目标态度、行为认知、行为习惯、行为意向、情感体验、行为控制感和主观标准8个自变量70道题,采用5级评分(完全不符合、不符合、说不清楚、符合、完全符合)。并收集记名测试者的体育测试成绩,包括立定跳远、1500m长跑和50m×8往返跑。评估标准:以症状自评量表测量总分超过160,或者阳性项目数超过43项,作为阳性症状的发生临界。结果:发放问卷121份,收回合格问卷117份,有效率为95.9%。①警察院校大学生除症状自评量表的阳性项目数、偏执平均分高于普通大学生,其他指标均低于普通大学生。男学生在总分、阳性项目数、阳性症状均分、总均分、躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性、偏执得分均显著高于女学生。警察院校大学生阳性症状发生率为41%,城镇与农村生源阳性症状发生率差异存在显著性(35.4%,66.7%,χ2=5.978,P<0.05)。②匿名与记名测试中,记名测试组在体育锻炼态度8项目指标除主观标准指标外,其他指标均高于匿名测试组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。女学生行为认知指标、主观标准高于男学生。农村学生行为态度和目标态度指标高于城镇学生(P<0.10)。③学生体育锻炼态度中行为态度、情感体验、目标态度和行为习惯4指标显著影响学生心理健康状况。④不同的体育测试项目与学生的症状自评量表各因子相关程度有差异。学生的立定跳远成绩与强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性和偏执呈现出显著正相关(P<0.05);长跑运动成绩与躯体化因子呈现高度负相关(P<0.01),与强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性和偏执呈现显著负相关。结论:警察院校大学生的心理健康状况有待加强,应重视农村生源、男学生的心理健康教育。体育锻炼的过程中要树立正确的行为态度和目标态度,注重体育锻炼过程中体验到的欢快喜悦,形成良好的锻炼行为习惯,建议多进行中长跑运动,以优化学生的心理健康状况。
AIM： To investigate the mental health status and attitude towards physical exercise in students of public security universities, and discuss the association between them.
METHODS： In May 2005, 122 students majoring in public security from Chinese People＇s Public Security University were selected by means of collective sampling. Their mental health was assessed with symptom checklist-90 （SCL-90）. The independent variables of SCL-90 included the total score, total average score, number of positive items, score of positive symptom and the scores of 10 factors （somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism and others）. The subjects answered the 90 questions according to the feeling in the recent one week, and scored by 1-5 grades （none, mild, moderate, a little severe, severe）. The incidence of positive symptom was produced by the combination of the independent variables （endogenous variable）. They were measured with or without recording name to their own will. Meanwhile, the attitude towards physical exercise was assessed with the attitude towards physical exercise scale designed by Mao JR in Beijing University of Physical Education, the scale consisted of 70 questions in 8 independent variables of behavioral attitude, objective attitude, behavioral cognition, behavioral habit, behavioral intention, emotional experience, feeling of behavioral control and subjective standard, the 5-grade scoring system was used （completely discoincident, discoincident, unclear to say, coincident, completely coincident）. The results of physical exercise test of the subjects with record of name were collected, including standing long-jump, 1500 m long-distance running and 50 m×8 come-and-go running. Evaluative standard： The total score of SCL- 90 〉160 or the number of positive items 〉 43 was taken as the boundary line for the occurrence of positive symptoms.
RESULTS： Totally 121 questionnaires were sent out, 117 qualified ones were recollected, and the effective rate was 95.9%. （1） The number of positive items and average score of paranoid ideation in SCL-90 in the students of public security university were higher than those in common university students, and other indexes were lower than those in common university students. The total score, number of positive items, average score of positive symptoms, total average score and the scores of sematization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility and paranoid ideation were all significantly higher in male students than in female ones. The incidence of positive symptoms in the students of public security university was 41%, and there was significant difference between students from urban and areas （35.4%, 66.7%,χ^2=5.978, P 〈 0.05）. （2） Except subjective standard, all the other indexes for the attitude towards physical education i n the with recording name group were significantly different from those in the without recording name group （P 〈 0.05）. The behaviroral cognition and subject standard were higher in female students than in male ones. The indexes of behavioral attitude and objective attitude were higher in the students from rural area than in those from urban area （P 〈 0.01）. （3） .The indexes of behavioral attitude, emotional experience, objective attitude and behavioral habit had significant influence on the mental health status of the students. （4） Different items in physical education test had significant different correlation with the factors in SCL-90 for the students. The result of standing long-jump in the students had significant positive correlations with obsession-compulsion, depression, anxiety, hostility and paranoid ideation （P 〈 0.05）. The result of long-distance running was of highly negative correlation with the factor of somatization, but in significant negative correlations with obsession-compulsion, depression, anxiety, hostility and paranoid ideation.
CONCLUSION： The mental health status in students of public security university still needs improvement, and the mental health education should be emphasized in the students from rural area and male students. In the process of physical exercise, right behavioral attitude and objective attitude should be created, the happy experience should be emphasized, and good exercise behavioral habit should be formed. Middle and long-distance running is suggested to optimize the mental health status of the students.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第10期48-50,共3页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
