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小儿手术静脉留置针穿刺失败原因分析 被引量:2

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作者 张丽萍
出处 《中国误诊学杂志》 CAS 2006年第6期1156-1157,共2页 Chinese Journal of Misdiagnostics
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  • 1焦卫红,孙谈珍,崔丽萍.手背远端静脉逆向穿刺的临床应用[J].解放军护理杂志,2000,17(3):14-15. 被引量:10
  • 2左焰,曹阳.局麻霜临床应用现状[J].国外医学(护理学分册),1996,15(1):19-21. 被引量:22
  • 3武忠弼.病理学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1996.141-145.
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  • 6R. Dobson. Coughing can reduce pain of injection, study shows. BMJ,2004,328(7 437) :424.
  • 7Taras I, Usichenko, Dragan Pavlovic, et al. Reducing venipuncture pain by a cough trick: a randomized crossover volunteer study. Anesth Analg,2004,98: 343-345.
  • 8Rogers TL, Ostrow CL. The use of EMLA cream to decrease venipuncture pain in children. J Pediatr Nurs,2004,19(1) :33-39.
  • 9Richman PB, Singer AJ, Flanagan M, et al. The effectiveness of ice as a topical anesthetic for the insertion of intravenous catheters. Am J Emerg Med, 1999,17(3):255-257.
  • 10Cavender K, Goff MD, Hollon EC, et al. Parents' positioning and distracting children during venipuncture. Effects on children's pain, fear,and distress. J Holist Nurs,2004,22(1):32-56.

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