摘要
对西瓜枯萎病菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｉｕｍｆ．ｓｐ．ｎｉｖｅｕｍ）的生物学特性测定结果表明：病菌生长温度范围１０～３５℃，适宜生长温度２５～２８℃；分生孢子在饱和相对湿度下萌发率为７２．６％，在水滴中达８５．２％；分生孢子的致死温度为５５℃１０ｍｉｎ；病菌生长的ｐＨ值范围在２．３８～１１．４５，最适ｐＨ值为６．６５～９．６９。室内药效测定结果表明：７０％代森锰锌３００倍，４０％灭病威３００倍和５００倍，２５％多菌灵３００倍和抗枯灵５００倍对枯萎病菌菌丝生长有明显的抑制作用。田间防治以嫁接苗的防治效果最好，达９１．２％；其次为１５％粉锈宁１０００倍和５０％ＤＴ６００倍，防效分别为６８．４７％和６５．０５％。
The studies revealed the biological character of Fusarium oxysporium f. sp.niveum: The temperature range of the mycelium growth was 10～35℃, and the optimumtemperature was 25～28℃.The conidium germination was 72. 6% in relative humidity 100%and 85. 2% in water. The killing temperature of conidia was 55℃ for 10 minutes. The range of pH for the mycelium growth was pH 2. 38～11.45 with optimum of pH 6. 65～9. 69.It was shown that 70% Mancozeb (300×) or 40% Carbendazim+sulphur (300×or 500×) or 25% Carbendazim (300×) or Kangkuling (500×) could significantly inhibit the mycelium growth of F. ocysporium f. sp. niveum. In the field, using the grafted nursery plant was the best way to control watermelon wilt disease, with controling efficiency reached 91. 2%. And using 15% Triadimefon (1 000×) or 50% DT (600×) could reach 68. 47% and 65. 05% control efficiency respectively.
关键词
西瓜
枯萎病
生物学特性
防治
watermelon
wilt disease
biological character
control
