摘要
目的 了解四川省农村饮用水水质卫生状况，掌握饮水不安全类型、饮用不安全水的人数、分布。方法 采用随机抽样的方法采集水样检测；采用采取询问式和“问卷式”对饮水水源水质、水量保证率、取水方程程度等方面进行了解。结果 四川省农村饮用水不安全人数3144.58万人，占我省农村人口的46.70%，饮用水水质不达标人数为1879.08万人，占59.76%；水量不达标人数441.70万人，占14.05%,用水方便程度不达标人数为448.80%万人，占14.27%；水源保证率不达标人数为374.99万人，占11.93%。结论 本次调查是我省近几十年来首次卫生和水利部门协作对农村饮用水开展的大规模摸底调查，以村为单元采取访、问、闻、测、查等方式入户调查，并结合每区域的代表性水样，基本反映了我省农村饮用水不安全类型、不安全人数、分布，为更清楚地掌握我省农村饮用水不安全状况，建议对氟、砷超标县再布点抽水样检验，使数据更精确。
Objective To learn the hygienic condition of drinking water in rural Sichuan, the types of insecure drinking water, and the population using insecure drinking water. Methods Water specimens were collected raadomly and then tested in the laboratory. Interviews were made and questionnaires were handed out to learn the sanitary quality of source water, assurance percentage of water quantity and feasibility of getting water. Results The population using insecure drinking water was 31,445, 800, accounting for 46. 70 percent of rural pepulatien in Sichuau province. Of these, the population using drinking water Whose sanitary quality didn＇t meet national standard was 18,790,800, accounting for 59.76 percent of the Whole; the population using water Whose quantity didn＇t meet standardwas 4,417,000, accounting for 14.05 percent of the whole; the population using water whose feasibility condition didn＇t meet standard was 44,880,000, accounting for 14.27 percent of the whole; the population using water Whose source water assurance percentage didn＇t meet standard was 3, 749,900, accounting for 11：93 percent of the whole. Conclusions It was the first time in decades that health department and water conservancy department cooperated to make a thorough large-scale baseline investigation of the condition of drinking water in rural Sichuan. Household surveys were made in villages using methods of interviewing, smelling, measuring and testing. Typical water specimens of different areas were tested. Condition of the population using insecure drinking water, distribution and cause of insecure drinking water in rural Sichuan were learned. In order to learn the condition more clearly, suggestions were made that the counties Where fluorine or arsenic in drinking water didn＇t meet standards should sample water specimens again and do proof-test to verify the results.
关键词
农村
生活饮用水
安全性
分析
rural area, drinking water, security, analyses
