摘要
背景:儿童忽视是儿童虐待的一个重要方面,已经成为一种严重的全球性问题。因此,有必要了解中国儿童忽视问题的现状和影响因素。目的:调查苏州市儿童忽视问题的现状和影响因素。设计:现况调查、对比分析。单位:苏州大学附属儿童医院。对象:于2003-03/10在苏州市选取1所公办幼儿园和2所民办幼儿园展开调查。按照自愿的原则,调查无明显身心疾患的儿童,且近1年与本问卷的应答人在一起生活。调查儿童370人,年龄为4～6岁,其中男童196人,女童174人。方法:对自愿者发放中国城市儿童忽视情况调查问卷,从身体(给孩子买水果、考虑孩子的营养需要、关心儿童的身高和体质量)、情感(与孩子聊天、带孩子一起游玩、鼓励孩子去做一些力所能及的事、注意听孩子讲自己的感受、家里来客人时将孩子介绍给客人、当孩子哭泣时喝令立即停止、关心孩子在幼儿园参加的活动)、教育(给孩子买图书、给孩子讲故事、识别并纠正孩子的不良行为、对孩子提出的问题认真的回答)、安全(对家中的电、火,注意孩子的防护措施、告诫孩子不能玩火柴、小刀或尖锐物、教孩子怎样穿行马路)和医疗(家中备有儿童常用药物、督促孩子刷牙、注意纠正孩子的不良姿势)5个层面20项内容分析儿童忽视的现状,要求应答人客观地填写最近1年的情况,对每一个问题仅选1项圈写(如从未有、偶尔有、经常有、一直有),不遗漏任何一个问题。同时调查父母的教育程度和职业。主要观察指标:儿童忽视的一般情况及不同家庭文化、职业对儿童忽视的影响。结果:发放问卷370份,收回合格问卷370份,有效率100%。①苏州市儿童在教育,医疗,安全等方面均能得到较好的关心和爱护,但在少数部分家庭仍存有忽视儿童身心发展的现象。②不同的家庭文化对有关儿童的医疗、安全和身体方面均能重视,但在教育和心理的发展方面大专以下文化的家庭存有一定忽视。③不同的家庭职业均能重视儿童的医疗、安全和身体方面,而教育和心理的发展的在家庭中的干部职业较好,在一般职业中却存有一些忽视。结论:苏州市儿童在教育、医疗和安全等方面均能得到较好的关心和爱护,但在教育和情感上存有某些不良的儿童忽视现象,与其家庭中父母的文化、职业有关。儿童的忽视需要进一步研究评价和干预措施。
BACKGROUND： Child neglect is one of the most important aspects o4 child abuse and has become a serious problem influencing children＇s development all over the world. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the current conditions and influential factors of child neglect and establish effective evaluation methods in China.
OBJECTIVE： To investigate the current conditions and influential factors of urban child neglect in Suzhou city.
DESIGN： A comparative analysis of sampling survey.
SETTING： Department of Children＇s Health Care, Soochow University Affiliated Children＇s Hospital.
PARTICIPANTS： This study was conducted in one public kindergarten and two private kindergartens of urban areas in Suzhou city between March and October 2003. Totally 370 children （196 boys and 174 girls） aged between 4 to 6 years old without obvious physical and mental diseases were voluntarily investigated, and they had been living with the person that answered the questionnaire regarding to child neglect in China in the recent 1 year.
METHODS： Questionnaire regarding to child neglect in China was sent to each volunteer. The questionnaire evaluates the current conditions of child neglect by 20 items of 5 aspects including physical care （buy fruit for child, consider the nutritional need of child, care about the body height and body mass of child）, emotional care （chat with child, play and tour with child, encourage child to do the things whatever they can, listen to what the child feels, introduce the child to the guests when they come to your home, let him or her stop immediately when child cries, care about the activities in kindergarten）, education care （buy books for child, tell stories to child, recognize and correct the bad behavior of child, answer the questions asked by child seriously）, safety care （protections against fire and electricity at home, warn child against matches, knives and other sharp things, teach child how to cross the road） and health care （prepare the common medicine for child at home, urge child to brush teeth, correct the bad posture）. The volunteers were asked to answer each question objectively according to the conditions of child within the recent 1 year, and each question should be answered by selecting only one choice （never, sionally, usually, always）, and anyone should not be omitted. Meanwhile, the educational background and occupation of the parents were also inves tigated.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The general status of child neglect and the effects of different family educational background and occupation of parents on child neglect were observed.
RESULTS： Totally 370 questionnaires were sent out, and 370 qualified ones were recollected, the effective rate was 100%. ① In Suzhou city, the children were given better regards and good care in the aspects of education, medicine and safety, but neglects on chidren＇s physical and mental care still exists in a few families. ②Families of different educational background could think highly of the medical care, safety and psychical care of children, but neglects on education and emotional developmen! more commonly existed in the families with the educational background under university. ③All the families with different occupation could think highly of the medical care, safety and physical care of the children, but education and emotional development were better in the cadre families than in the ordinary families. CONCLUSION： In Suzhou city, the children are given better regards and good care in the aspects of education, medicine and safety, but some bad manifestations of child neglect exist in education and emotion, which are associated with the educational background and occupation of the parents. Further studies about the evaluation, prevention and intervention are needed for child neglect in China.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第18期172-175,共4页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
基金
綿政学者基金资助(SU-2002-12)~~
