摘要
[目的]分析上海市1949～2004年尘肺的发病状况和新发尘肺特点，为新形势下尘肺病的防治提供决策参考。[方法]回顾性分析上海市1949～2004年已诊断的尘肺病例发病状况；并按不同的接尘年代将病例分为两组，一组为1949～1979年，另一组为1980～2004年，比较两组病例在尘肺种类、发病系统的分布情况。[结果]1949～2004年上海市尘肺累积病例数6030例，男性5475例，占90．8％，女性555例，占9．2％，其中Ⅰ期尘肺3437例，Ⅱ期1873例，Ⅲ期720例，目前死亡2553例，病死率42.3％。尘肺累积病例按尘肺种类排序，列前5位者为矽肺、铸工尘肺、石棉肺、电焊工尘肺和炭黑尘肺，分别占54．26％、22．94％、10．50％、5．51％和2．04％，矽肺和铸工尘肺总病例即达4655例，占77．20％。发病行业集中在钢铁铸造、建筑材料开采和加工、耐火材料制品业和玻璃制造等行业。1980年后开始接尘的工人新发尘肺病例显著减少，仅发生228例，占全市累积尘肺病例数的3．8％。新发尘肺种类主要为矽肺和电焊工尘肺，分别占37.3％和33．8％，乡镇集体及三资企业成为尘肺发病主要来源。[结论]上海市尘肺病控制已取得显著成效，但要进一步消除矽肺的发生仍然面临挑战，应重点加强对乡镇及三资企业的引导与监管。
[ Objective ] To analyze the prevalence characteristics of pneumoconiosis from 1949 to 2004 in Shanghai to provide the reference for decision-making the further preventive measure. [ Methods ] Carry out the epidemiological investigation on pneumoconiosis cases in Shanghai. [ Results ] In Shanghai, the amount of pneumoconiosis cases accumulated to 6030 from 1949 to 2004, among which 5475 male cases accounted for 90.8%, and 555 female cases accounted for 9.2%. There are 3437 stage Ⅰ, 1873 stage Ⅱ and 720 stage Ⅲ cases. So far, there are 2553 pneumoconiosis patients died and 3477 remain alive, and the fatality rate is 42.3%. According to the number of accumulated cases, silicosis, foundry workers＇ pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, welders＇ pneumoconiosis and carbon black pneumoconiosis ranked the top 5 kinds, which accounted for 54.26%, 22.94%, 10.50%, 5.51%, and 2.04% respectively. Silicosis and foundry workers＇ pneumoconiosis cases were 4655, which accounted for 77.2%. Most of these cases occurred in workers served in steel foundry, construction material mining and processing, refractory and glass manufacturing industry. Since 80s last century, the incidence of pneumoconiosis has decreased gradually and only 228 new cases occurred in the duration of 1980-2004. Silicosis and welders＇ pneumoconiosis were the main parts of the new cases, which accounted for 37.3% and 33.8% respectively. And the foreign-owned, village and town-owned and group-owned factories will play the main sources of the new cases of pneumoconiosis. [ Conclusion ] In Shanghai it has already achieved effective results on control of pneumoconiosis but still faces the challenge and needs to strengthen the management and supervision on foreign investment and small factories for final elimination of the pneumoconiosis.
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2006年第3期220-223,共4页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
关键词
尘肺
流行病学调查
发病特点
pneumoconiosis
epidemiological investigation
prevalence characteristic
