摘要
该文从七个方面对剑桥大学卡文迪什实验室怎样选择和培养人才的观点、方法和经验进行剖析，从中得出一些规律性的经验：高标准严要求地评选卡文迪什教授和研究指导，文中总结出三条标准和五个条件；面向世界广揽优秀的青年物理人才，开创招收女大学生、女研究生的制度；实行平等竞争和在流动中选择人才的体制；知人善任并支持各种创造性的萌芽；在独立思考、独立钻研和思想活跃的前提下，善于选择研究课题并指导研究；办成具有思想活跃、自由创造和学术交流气氛的科学共同体，并创造多种活动组织和形式；妥善解决学者们的研究经费、晋升和奖励问题，必要时争取捐助和基金以增加各种职称名额，变一教授为多教授制。
This paper dissects and analyses the views, methods, and experiences of the Cavendish Laboratory in the selection and fosterage of talents from the following aspects:(1) Strictly selecting Cavendish professor and research director according to high standards,for which three standards and five conditions are drawn in the paper; (2) Initiating the enrollment of outstanding young physicists, recruiting girl students and postgraduates from the whole world, and giving aid or scholarship to some of them who are outstanding and have financial difficulties;(3) Selecting excellent post-doctors, research fellows, visiting scholars, and professional research and teaching staff in the flow of scholars by equal competition;(4) Discovering able people and puttimg them at suitable posts, and promoting the growth of original germs, among which what seems promising is to be chosen as one of the directions or even as the main direction of development for the Laboratory; (5) Good at selecting projects and guiding research, but independent thinking, independent assiduous study and active thinking are prerequisites; (6) Creating a scientific community with an atmosphere of free creation and academic exchange, and forming many kinds of organization for triggering inspiration and creative thinking; (7) Properly solving the problems of research funds, rises in rank and awards, and when necessary striving to get financial assistance to increase the number of professional positions for changing the system from having a single professor to having many professors.
出处
《自然科学史研究》
CSCD
1996年第3期197-206,共10页
Studies in The History of Natural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金
