摘要
医学模式属哲学范畴,指导医疗实践与医学发展,随医疗实践情况而确定。在西方,十五世纪进入“生物医学模式”,贡献众多。因社会发展,至十九世纪发现此一模式远远不适应实际需要,二十世纪70年代末变更为“社会-心理-生物医学模式”,趋于符合人的整体性的观念,面貌一新,医学心理学方面,尤为突出。西方医学模式为回顾性认识,其命名为事后确定。中医无医学模式一词,但《内经》中即明确提出“医道”,是指导医学发展方向和实践方法之意,其意义同于医学模式。医道除包含社会、心理、生物因素外,还有天地阴阳、四时经纪等“时”、“空”因素。这5个因素形成人的“天人合一,心身合一,人事相通”的整体性,故中医的医学模式为“时-空-社会-心理-生物医学模式”,为整体医学模式。它指导中医的发展与实践已两千余年,故为前瞻性的,其实用价值与现实意义,至今仍保持先进性。西方医学模式的转型,事实上是纳入中医学的模式中。西方医学模式随医学之进步而修正,现在已有“太空”,“潜水”等分科,疾病之发作与时间的关系,早有研究,现在又在研究生物钟,将来更改为“时-空-社会-心理-生物医学模式”,可以预期。中医学中也没有“医学心理学”这一名词,但是却有着极其丰富的相关内涵,历代医家在“心因”疾病的诊疗实践中,积累了丰富的临床经验,奠定了理论基础,形成“形与神俱”、“心身合一”的观念。在心理测验和心理治疗方面,自具特点、有的早于西方同类疗法千余年。
Medical model, which guides medical practice and development, attributes to the field of philosophy. In western medicine it is determined retrospectively and changes with the conditions of medical practice. Since the 15th century the biological medical model began and a great deal of contributions have been achieved. In the late years of the 19th century that model showed very inadequate in many aspects and in the 70s of the 20th century bio-socio-psychological medical model replaces it and the term medical model was introduced. This change made the medical model conform the concept of soma and mind of a man with his environment as a whole. Things were renewed and quite a lot of works were established especially in the field of medicopsychology. In TCM there is no such a term of medical model but in the Yellow Emperori s Medical Canon medical doctrine is recorded. It contains not only factors of biology, mentality and interpersonal relationship but also astronomy, geography, orientation and timeliness, etc. Therefore the medical doctrine of TCM is really its model and the formula is temporo-spatio-psycho-socio-bilological. These five factors form the universe and man as a whole, soma and mind as a whole, society and man as a whole. The medical model of TCM is based on the concept of these wholenesses. It guides practice and development of TCM for more than two thousand years without any change and is still advance today. It is prospective in nature and the western is retroprospective. In western medicine, attention has been paid to medical researches of space, diving and biological time. Nowadays the western medical model unselfconsciously enters the TCM system, it can foretell that the western medical model will be changed into the same of TCM completely not far.
出处
《亚太传统医药》
2006年第1期31-33,共3页
Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine
