摘要
沙坡头自然保护区的有湿地1 130 hm^2,分为天然湿地和人工湿地.先后三次对保护区水禽进行了调查,共记录到水禽61种,占国内水禽总种数的23.55%;其中有繁殖种类22种,占保护区水禽总种数的36.1%.在记录到的水禽中,属国家Ⅰ级保护的有2种;属国家Ⅱ级保护的有5种;列入〈国际濒危动植物贸易公约〉附录Ⅱ限制贸易的有5种;列入〈中澳保护候鸟及其栖息环境协定〉鸟类名录的水禽有14种;列入〈中日保护候鸟及栖息环境协定〉的有39种.调查结果表明,保护区水禽种类和数量发生了显著变化：1986～1987年记录到水禽30种,1986年夏季数量为39.83只/km;1998～1999年种类增加至42种,1999年夏季数量为73.38只/km;2002～2004年种类升至48种,2003年夏季数量上升至169.28只/km,变化较大.令保护区水禽种类和数量增加的一个主要因素是鱼塘的开发.但还存在一些潜在的因素正影响着保护区水鸟多样性的动态.因此应该制定适宜沙坡头自然保护区的法律法规,对保护区的水鸟进行保护.
Shapotou Nature Reserve lies Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. It is the first desert nature reserve in China and it has proven to be successful in desert alteration. The climate is either arid or semi - arid with low precipitation levels in this area. Therefore wetlands only exist in the depressions. There are 1 130 hm^2wetlands which consists of natural and human wetland. There are many papers reporting about relationship between environment changes and forest birds fluctuation . From 1990s on, circumstance in Shapetou has changed largely and that maybe has affected the water birds there. The species and amount of waterfowls surveyed with line transects in 1986, 1998 to 1999 and 2002 to 2004 for three times. And we compared these findings to shed light on the relationship between environment changes and water birds fluctuation.
Our results indicated that there lived 61 species of water birds as defined in ＂ Wetland Convention＂ , accounting for about 23.55 percent of the total water birds in China. Of which 22 species are breeding birds. Among 61, 2 species were listed in national first - grade protected birds （ Ciconia nigra , Otis tarda ） and 5 species in national second - grade protected birds （ Cygnus Cygnus, Anthropoides virgo and so on） by Chinese law. Water birds are protected by international convention and agreement. There are 5 species listed in CITES. 14 species are listed in the ＂Agreement to Protect Migrating Birds and Their Habitats in China and Japan＂. 39 species are listed in the ＂Agreement to Protect Migrating Birds and Their Habitats in China and Australia＂. We compared H（index of diversity）and E（ index of equality） were compared contemporarily . There were 30 species, 39.83 waterfowls per km in summer of 1986; 42 species in 1998 to 1999, 73.38 waterfows per km in summer of 1999 ; 48 species in 2002 to 2004, 169.28 waterfowls in summer of 2003 according to our surveyed results of three times . The number of species and amount of waterfowls had been increasing. Both H＇and E were the largest in 1999 of the three surveys. It may be the increase of fish - pounds and migration that affect the dynamics of water birds there. The increase of fish - pounds made a positive contribution to the fluctuation of water birds because it can afford food for water birds. H′ related to E besides number of species. In 2003, H′ decreased because of the distinct increase of Aythya. nyroca and Himantopus himantopus which decreased E remarkable but the species in 2003 increased in fact. It was approved again that H′ was related to E prominently. There may be some potential factors which can impact the number of water birds species and amount of water birds and then affect H′. Finally we can use today work as a good stock for future work. It should also be recommended to other nature reserve especially desert reserve. Human should make laws according to the fact of Shapotou Nature Reserve and publicize the importance of protecting wild life to protect the waterfowls and other life - form here. For the purpose of conservation, the wetland here should be strongly conserved. Here we have some ways of protecting wetlands. First to keep not exploring ground water. Second, to close down travel industry sites. Last but not the least is that we should give publicity to people to make them protect wetlands and waterfowls self - consciously.
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
2006年第2期127-132,共6页
Wetland Science
基金
国家发改委和环保总局保护区能力建设项目资助
关键词
沙坡头
湿地
水禽
保护
Shapotou
wetland
waterfowl
protection
