摘要
过去几十年,为了掌握机动车污染排放的规律和特征,向决策者提供科学有效的机动车污染控制措施,研究者们致力于研究机动车污染物排放的物化原理和影响机动车污染的主要因素,并据此建立多种尺度的机动车排放模型,以模拟城市区域或者街道的污染物排放。为了分析机动车的瞬态排放特征,目前的机动车排放模型研究正逐渐从宏观向微观发展,排放测试方法注重获取逐秒的排放数据,排放模型模拟的时间尺度和空间尺度逐步趋向微观。此外,机动车模型研究正趋向与交通模型进行耦合,从而揭示机动车在实际道路交通流中的排放特征。从机动车排放的主要影响因素、机动车排放测试、机动车排放因子模型及机动车排放清单等4个方面综述了国内外机动车排放研究现状和发展动向,对比并评价各种机动车排放模型方法的优缺点和适用范围,对我国的机动车排放模型发展方向进行了展望。
Motor vehicles are important sources of air pollution in most modern cities. Many studies have been performed to understand the physical and chemical principles of vehicle emissions and the role of major affecting factors; various models have been proposed to simulate the effects of vehicle emissions on local and regional air quality. Micro scale studies are being conducted to analyze the characteristics of instantaneous emission; test methods are developed to acquire second-by-second emission data; recent emission models are more micro-scale in terms of temporal and spatial resolutions. Some vehicle emission models have incorporated transportation models to analyze the emission characteristics of vehicles in real traffic on the road. The paper presents a review of current emission studies and models, including their features, effectiveness and applicability, as well as the outlook of emission model development in China.
出处
《环境污染与防治》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第7期526-530,共5页
Environmental Pollution & Control
关键词
机动车
排放模型
排放因子
排放清单
Motor vehicles Emission model Emission factors Emission inventory
