摘要
背景:针对高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症等发病原因或危险因素及治疗知识在公众中进行健康教育,提高公众脑卒中防治知识水平,是降低脑卒中发病率最有效的途径及最经济的方法。目的:调查东莞地区公众对脑卒中防治知识的认知状况。设计:整群抽样与单纯随机抽样。单位:中山大学附属第五医院神经内科,中山大学附属东华医院神经内科。对象:于2001-03/06采取整群抽样与单纯随机抽样相结合的方法,对2001-03已居住于广东省东莞市城区及郊区的机关团体、企事业、各种经营形式工厂、东莞理工学院、各高级中学和郊区自然行政村,年龄满17周岁的常住居民及外来居民,随机抽取2500名进行调查。方法:参照相关文献设计修改调查表,包括人口学资料、脑卒中的一般知识、预防知识、识别知识、处理知识及获取脑卒中防治知识途径。脑卒中防治知识每项计1～4.5分,总分为60分,获取脑卒中防治知识途径不计分。每次调查1个被选单位,每次发放调查表300～600份,有500份问卷随机向来东华医院健康体检的人员发放。主要观察指标:调查表回答正确率,每类脑卒中防治知识总分,分层亚组的每类知识总分,获取防治脑卒中知识途径。结果:回收完整有效调查表2320份。①全表问题回答正确率平均为49.8%,以识别知识和处理知识较低;总分<60%者占48.2%。②每类脑卒中防治知识水平男性均高于女性(P<0.05),中老年组高于青年组(P<0.05),各类公务员、自由职业者、工人、农民、学生依次递减(P<0.05),学生与自由职业者相比差异显著(P<0.01);高、中、低文化程度也依次递减(P<0.05);有脑卒中史者高于未患者(P<0.05)。③以性别、年龄、职业及文化程度分层各亚组获取脑卒中防治知识的途径依次是阅读报刊杂志、收看广播电视、阅读科普手册、亲人朋友影响、医务人员宣教。结论:调查期间东莞地区公众脑卒中防治知识水平较低,尤其是识别知识和处理知识;应采取适当的措施进一步开展脑卒中防治知识教育。
BACKGROUND： It is the most effective and economical method to reduce the incidence of stroke by conducting the health education concerning the etiological factors or risk factors and therapeutic knowledge of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia among the public and improving their knowledge level about the prevention and treatment of stroke.
OBJECTIVE： To investigate the cognition of the knowledge concerning the prevention and treatment of stroke among the public in Dongguan area.
DESIGN： A cluster sampling and simple randomized sampling survey.
SETTINGS： Department of Neurology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and the Department of Neurology, Affiliated Tungwab Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. PARTICIPANTS： Between March and June in 2001, totally 2 500 cases were randomly selected by means of cluster sampling combined with simple randomized sampling from the residents and migrant populations no younger than 17 years old in the government organization, enterprises, factories of various forms, Dongguan University of Technology and senior middle schools of urban and rural Dongguan city and the administrative villages of the rural areas of Dongguan city in Guangdong province before March 2003.
METHODS： The inventory was modified according to relevant literatures, including demographic data, general knowledge of stroke, and knowledge about the prevention, identification and treatment of stroke, and the path- way to obtain knowledge about the prevention and treatment of stroke. Each item for the knowledge about the prevention and treatment of stroke was marked as 1--4.5 points, and the total score was 60. There was no mark for the pathway to obtain knowledge about the prevention and treatment of stroke. One unit was investigated each time, and 300-600 questionnaires were sent out, 500 questionnaires were randomly handed out to the healthy physical examinees in the Tungwah Hospital.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：The correct rate of answers to the questionnaire, the total score of each kind of knowledge about the prevention and treatment of stroke, the total score of each kind of knowledge in the subgroups, and the pathways to obtain knowledge about the prevention and treatment of stroke were mainly observed. RESULTS： Totally 2 320 complete and effective questionnaires were collected back. ① The average correct rate of answers to all the questions was 49.80%, and those of knowledges about identification and treatment were lower, the total score was 〈 60% in 48.20% of the subjects.② The level for each knowledge about the prevention and treatment of stroke was lower in males than in females （P 〈 0.05）, but higher in the middle-age and old groups than in the young group （P 〈 0.05）, and it was decreased from various civil servants, free agents, workers, farmers and students in order （P 〈 0.05）, and there was significant difference between students and free agents （P 〈 0.01）, it was also decreased in order from higher educational level to middle and lower ones in order （P 〈 0.05）; it was also higher in the subjects with stroke history than in those without （P 〈 0.05）. ③ After the subjects were subdivided according to gender, age, profession and educational level, the pathways to obtain knowledge about the prevention and treatment of stroke in order were reading newspapers and magazines, watching TV, reading handbooks about science popularization, influence from relatives and friends, promotion and education of medical staff, and the last one was the least in all the groups.
CONCLUSION： The level for the knowledge about the prevention and treatment of stroke was lower among the public in Dongguan area during the inv.estigation, especially the knowledges about identification and treatment, so proper measures should be adopted to further develop education on the knowledge about the prevention and treatment of stroke.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第32期157-159,共3页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
