摘要
目的探讨婴儿气质、家庭环境与智力发展的相关性,为儿童早期教育及家庭教养方式提供理论依据。方法采用气质问卷评定婴儿气质,以Gessell智能发育诊断量表评价婴儿智力,以自编的家庭问卷评价家庭环境。结果各气质类型儿童的智能发育无显著差异。但气质维度得分高低与智能发育有显著差异：情绪较积极的大运动得分较高为：96．05±8．55,反之为：91．59±9．21(P＜0．05),活动水平高的精细动作和适应性得分较高,分别为：94．96±8．49、97．87±7．87,反之为：88．48±9．78、92．12±10．64(P＜0．01)；注意力易集中的精细动作得分较高(96．56±6．42),反之为：91．91±8．81(P＜0．05)；感觉阈值低的语言和个人—社交能力得分较高,分别为：100．65±6．62、99．18±6．48,反之为：96．60±7．54、94．78±6．01(P＜0．05)。结论家庭教养方式对婴儿智力发展的影响可较早地得到体现。从气质维度上分析,气质对智能发育存在潜在影响,而这种影响可能更多的是通过作用于家庭教养方式达到的。
Objective To explore correlation of the infants＇ temperament, home environment with intelligence development of the infants so as to provide theoretical basis for infants＇ early education and establishing a family education and upbringing manner model. Methods The infants were assessed by the Revision of the Infant Temperament Questionnaire for temperament evaluation and Gesell Cognitive Developmental Scales for intelligence development evaluation, and a self-edited questionnaire for home environment evaluation. Results In intelligence development of the infants with different temperament types, there was no significant difference. But there were significant differences between scores in temperamental dimensionality of the infants and intelligence development： the score in gross movement was higher in infants with positive emotion（96.05±8.55 ）, contrarily, that in those infants with negative emotion was lower（ 91.59±9.21 ） （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; the scores in fine movement and adaptability were higher in the infants with high activity （ 94.96±8.49,97.87 ± 7.87, respectively）, contrarily, the scores in those infants with low activity were lower （ 88.48±9.78, 92.12 ± 10.64 ） （ P 〈 0.01 ） ; the score in fine movement was higher in the attention concentrating infants（96.56 ±6.42）, contrarily, that in those distracting infants was lower （91.91±8. 81） （P〈0.05） ; the scores in language and individual-social ability were higher （100.65±6.62, 99. 18 ± 6.48, respectively） in the infants with low sensation threshold than those in the infants with high sensation threshold（96.60± 7.54, 94.78 ± 6.01 respectively） （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The influences of different manners of family education and upbringing among home environments on intelligence development of the infant maybe come into being early. Despite the temperament can＇ t decide the lever of intelligence development of the infant, it has potential influences on the intelligence development ff analyzed from angle of temperamental dimensionality, and maybe mainly by acting on the manner of family education and upbringing, the infantile temperament influences its intelligence development.
出处
《中国妇幼健康研究》
2006年第4期253-255,共3页
Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research
关键词
气质
家庭环境
智力发展
婴儿
temperament
home environment
intelligence development
infant
