摘要
目的在干旱农业区有效控制农田杂草,减少对土壤水分、养分的消耗,有效利用自然降水,为发展旱作农业,提高产量提供依据。方法连续3年浅耕、深耕配施除草剂,采样调查耕层杂草种子的消长及土壤水分、养分的变化。结果秋收后2d浅耕,将落入地表85%～90%的杂草种子全部耙入0～10cm耕层内,便于防除。5、10d浅耕,随土壤裂缝进入10cm以下种子依次占1.8%、4.1%;深耕,0～10cm耕层杂草种子占19.8%,10～30cm耕层种子占80.2%,10cm以下土层种子很少萌发出苗,难以根除;浅耕配施除草剂,耕层杂草种子平均每年以75.4%的速度下降,深耕以27.3%速度下降;浅耕可节约50%机耕费,在蓄水灌溉地区可节约50%灌水量;浅耕耙松表土,防止土壤水分散失,对不同耕作层的水分、养分含量影响不大;浅耕耕种2～3年应深翻耕种或休闲一年。结论在干旱地区秋收深耕,对翻入土壤10cm以下的杂草种子难以根除,且造成土壤风蚀严重,水分严重不足,影响播种或出苗,也是形成春旱的主要原因。而浅耕则有助于旱作农业的持续、稳定发展。
[Objective] In order to provide the basis of output improvement and arid farmland development, reduce the consumption of soil moisture and nutrient and control the weed and utilize natural precipitation. [ Method ] Changes of the quantity of weed seeds, soil moisture and nutrient by shallow tillage accompanied herbicide and deep tillage had been studied fGr 3 years. [Result] 85%-90% weed seeds which fell in 0-10 cm soil layer were controlled easily by shallow tillage 2 days after autumn harvest, and weed seeds were 1.8% and 4.1% respectively below 10 cm soil layer after 5 and 10 days. 80.2% of weed seeds were in 10-30 cm soil layer by deep tillage, and 19.8% were in 0-10 cm. It was difficult to control weeds as few seeds could sprout and grow below 10 cm soil layer. Accompanied with herbicide, the quantity of weed seeds in tilth decreased averagely by 75.4% in shallow tillage, and by 27.3% in deep tillage. 50% of the cost of machine cultivation and the quantity of irrigation water were saved by shallow tillage. And it could loose soil surface so that hold the soil moisture. Moreover, there was no significant influence on soil moisture and nutrient. However, it should be cultivated heavily or not in use for one year after 2-3 years of shallow tillage. [Conclusion] Farmland of harvested by deep tillage is difficult to eradicate below 10cm soil layer, and result in soil erosion severity, water deficiency, meanwhile effect sprout and seeding this is one of the main causes of soil dry However, weed control by shallow tillage supports the sustainable development of dry farming.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第8期1697-1702,共6页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家"十五"重点科技攻关项目(2001BA509B07)
关键词
旱作农业
浅耕灭草
耕层水分
养分
Arid agriculture
Shallow tillage
Weed control
Soil moisture
Soil nutrient
