摘要
[目的]了解钢铁企业工伤死亡事故发生的规律,探讨事故发生原因,为企业安全管理提供依据。[方法]本文对某钢铁企业1958~2001年发生的352起工伤死亡事故进行分析,主要涉及工亡事故类型、死者人口学特征、事故发生时间分布特点及原因。[结果]车辆伤害、高处坠落、机械伤害和起重伤害是主要的事故类型,分别占24.72%、11.65%、11.08%和10.23%;最常见的多人死亡事故是爆炸与火灾、坍塌。1958~1961年度工亡事故发生起数最多,占31.53%;5月、7月、8月和12月是事故高发月;事故易于在白班期间发生,且有向11:48集中的趋势(P<0.05)。违反劳动纪律、操作违规/失误是导致事故的首要因素,占63.64%。[结论]工亡事故是由多种因素综合导致,应该针对事故危险因素采取安全防护措施。
[ Objective I Making an investigation of the trend, distribution and main causes of the fatal occupational injuries in an iron and steel enterprise so as to provide scientific evidences for the safety-management of the enterprises. [ Methods ] A retrospective, epidemiolo^cal investigation which collected 352 cases of fatal occupational injuries during 1958-2001 was carried out. The leading accident types, demographic characteristics and distributions characteristics, as well as main causes were studied.[ Results ] Vehicle injuries （ 24.72% ）, falls （ 11.65% ）, machinery injuries （ 11.08% ）, and crane-related collision （ 10.23% ） were major occupational injury types. The most common cause of multiple fatalities were blast, fire, and collapse. Most injuries had taken place during 1958-1961, and the injuries occurred mainly in May, July, August, and December. They often happened on day shift, and had a trend of centralization to 11 ： 48（ P 〈0.01 ）. Fatal occupational injuries were mainly caused by the violation of operation practices which accounted for 63.64%. [ Conclusion ] Occupational fatalities were caused by multiple factors, such as negligence of safety education, equipment defect and so on. So these risk factors should be focused on.
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2006年第4期324-326,共3页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
关键词
致死性工伤
钢铁
流行病学
fatal occupational injury
iron and steel
epidemiology
