2Powell KJ,Abul-Husn NS,Jhamandas A,et al.Paradoxical effects of the opioid antagonist naltrexone on morphine analgesia,tolerance,and reward in rats.J Pharmacol Exp Ther,2002,300:588-596.
3Crain SM,Shen KF.Antagonists of excitatory opioid receptor functions enhance morphine's analgesic potency and attenuate opioid tolerance/dependence liability.Pain,2000,84:121-131.
二级参考文献4
1Gan TJ, Ginsberg B, Glass PSA, et al. Opioid-sparing effects of a low-dose infusion of naloxone in patient-administered morphine sulfate. Anesthesiology, 1997, 87:1075~1081.
2Crain SM, Shen KF. Antagonists of excitatory opioid recepto r functions enhance morphine's analgesic potency and attenuate opioid tolerance/dependence liability.Pain, 2000, 84:121~131.
3Kurashi Y, Sugimoto M, Hamada T, et al. Noxious stimuli and met-enkephalin release from nucleus reticularis gigantocelluralis. Brain Research Bulletin, 1984, 72: 123~127.
4Paronis CA, Holtzman SG. Increased analgesic potency of mu agonists after continuous naloxone infusion in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 1991,259:582~589.
4Lynne G, Maxwell SC, Bitzer KS, et al. The effects of smalldose naloxone infusion on opioid-induced side effects and anal gesia in children and adolescents treated with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia; a double-blind, prospective, ran domized, controlled study. Anesth Analg, 2005,100 : 953-958.
5Crain SM, Shen KF. Acute thermal hyperalgesia elicited by low dose morphine in normal mice is blocked by ultra-low- dose naltrexone, unmasking potent opioid analgesia. Brain Res, 2001,888 : 75-82.
7Crain SM, Shen KF. Modulation of opioid analgesia, tolerance and dependence by Gs-coupled,GM1 ganglioside-regulaled opiold recepter functions. Trends Pharmacol Sci, 1998, 19 : 358- 365.
8Monitto CL,Greenberg RS,Kost-Byerly S,et al. The safty and efficacy of parent-/nurse-controlled analgesia in patients less than six years of age. Anesth Analg,2000,91:573-579.
9Powll KJ,Abul-Husn NS,Jhamandas A. Paradoxical effects of the opioid antagonist naltrexone on morphine analgesia,tolerance,and reward in rats[J].Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics,2002,(02):588-596.
10Scott LI,Perry CM. Tramadol:a review of its use in perioperative paint[J].Drugs,2000,(01):139-176.