摘要
为掌握塔里木盆地蜱类群落的结构特征,探讨该地区生态环境的差异对蜱类群落结构的影响,按照地理区划和生境类型选择调查点进行蜱类种类和数量调查,采用群落生态学技术方法,分析不同生态环境条件下的蜱类群落的丰富度、多样性和均匀性。共在该地区采获蜱类5属10种,扇头蜱和革蜱在盐碱湿地生态景观中占主要地位,亚洲璃眼蜱是植被发育良好的盐碱沙地或沙漠化生态景观中的优势蜱类。在土壤以盐碱湿地为主的生态环境中,游离蜱群落组成单一,优势种类突出,优势度高,丰富度、多样性和均匀性低;在草本植物和灌木发育良好,地质较为干燥的盐碱和盐碱沙化生态环境中,蜱类群落的丰富度、多样性和均匀性高,优势度适中等;在草本和灌木发育良好的漠化的生态环境中,蜱类的组成较为简单,优势度高,丰富度、多样性和均匀性低,优势种的蜱指数高;在乔木密集,草本植物和灌木稀少的干旱的盐碱和盐碱沙化生态环境中,地面游离蜱的种类和数量均十分稀少。高海拔戈壁湿地生态景观的蜱类群落与其他生态景观的蜱类群落的相似性指数最低,其次为沙漠化生态景观,但该生态景观的2类生境中的蜱类群落具有非常高的相似性;盐碱类生态景观中的各蜱类群落间具有较高相似性,均在0.9以上,且该类生态景观中的蜱类群落与具有较高植被覆盖度的盐碱沙化生态景观和戈壁原生景观的蜱类群落也具有较高的相似性;盐碱沙化生态景观的蜱类群落与其他生态景观中的蜱类群落具有中等水平的相似性指数,在0.5～0.9之间,蜱类群落结构的类型介于盐碱和沙漠化类生态景观的蜱类群落结构形态之间。
In order to grasp the structure characteristic of tick community and effects of different habits on the community structure of ticks in the Tarim Basin, ticks were investigated according to the geographical division and habitat type. There were total 10 species of 5 genera of ticks captured in the Basin. Of them, Rhipicephalus and Dermacentor were the dominant species in the ecological landscape of salina and wetland, while Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum was the dominant species in the salina sands with well-developed vegetation or landscape of desertification. In the salina wetland, the community of ticks was monospecific with extrutive dominant species, high dominance, low richness, diversity and evenness. In the habits salina and salina with desertification where the herbaceous plant and shrub were well developed, the richness, diversity and evenness were high with moderate dominance. In the desertification habits with well-developed herbaceous plant and shrub, the community of ticks was simple with high dominance, low richness, diversity and evenness and high tick index of dominant ticks. In the arid salina and salina of desertification habits with dense arbor and bare herbage and shrub, the species and quantity of free ticks of ground were both scarce. The similarity index of tick community in gobi wetland with high altitude and the other ecological landscapes was the lowest. There was much higher similarity of all tick community in the ecological landscape of salina that was all over 0.9. And in these habitats, the tick community was of high similarity compared with that in the desertification salina with high coverage vegetation and in original gobi. The similarity index was moderate of the tick community in the desertification salina and the other eocological landscape that was from 0. 5 to 0. 9. The type of community structure of ticks was between the community structure of salina and desertification.
出处
《寄生虫与医学昆虫学报》
CAS
2006年第3期150-157,共8页
Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica
基金
国家十五科技攻关项目(2003BA712A0803)
关键词
蜱类
群落
结构
塔里木盆地
新疆
Tick
Community
Structure
Tarim Basin
Xinjiang
