摘要
为提高菜田氮肥的利用率，降低氮肥对环境的污染风险。在中德合作项目东北旺试验田（土壤类型为潮土），三年（1999～2001）9季蔬菜长期传统施氮灌水与推荐施氮灌水处理的地力基础上，于高温多雨的夏季选择甜玉米作为填闲作物，以休闲处理作对照，研究甜玉米在土壤硝态氮淋溶关键期对土壤残留硝态氮素分布及对后茬蔬菜产量的影响。研究结果表明甜玉米生长迅速、生物量大、吸收氮素能力强，吸氮量可达205．6～246．1kg／hm^2；与休闲处理相比，种植甜玉米能有效的吸收0～60cm土壤中残留氮素，实现了土壤残留氮素的再利用。0～180cm剖面中土壤硝态氮的残留量都有不同程度的降低，有效阻抑了氮素向土壤深层的淋洗。甜玉米也获得了较高的经济产量，穗净鲜重达9．2～10．2t／hm^2。后茬作物菠菜收获后未被利用的氮素大部分残留在土壤浅层；甜玉米处理与休闲处理相比未显著影响后季菠菜的生长，产量达18．4～20．7t／hm^2。该研究表明：甜玉米是较为理想的填闲作物。
The open field experiment was conducted in Dongbeiwang of Beijing suburb. Based on the nine-season vegetable experiment with long-term conventional and balanced nitrogen and water application （1999～2001）, sweet corn as N-catch crop was planted in summer after cauliflower harvest in order to study the dynamic changes of nitrate leaching and effect on the next vegetable of spinach. During the experimental period, sweet corn grew fast showing strong absorbency for nitrogen. Nitrogen uptake could reach 205.6～246. 1 kg/hm^2. Compared with that of fallow plot, soil NOa-N content in the soil profile（0～60 cm） of sweet corn plot was effectively reduced, and decreased the leaching of nitrogen to deeper layer. Yield of sweet corn was still higher even without chemical nitrogen input. Net weight of spike reached 9.2～10.2 t/hm^2 FW, which achieved good economic benefit. Yield of spinach planted after sweet corn and after fallow showed no significant difference and reached 18.4～20. 7 t/hm^2 FW. It was shown that the sweet corn is a suitable catch crop.
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第9期245-249,共5页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
德国教育科技部(BMBF)中德合作项目(1998-2002)
关键词
菜田
甜玉米
填闲作物
硝酸盐
淋洗
vegetable field
sweet corn
catch crop
nitrate
leaching
