摘要
大气气溶胶的气候效应和环境效应研究是当今国际科技界的热门话题。近年来珠江三角洲地区的气溶胶污染日趋严重,一年四季长期稳定存在气溶胶云,重污染区偏于珠江口以西的珠江三角洲西侧。灰霾天气主要出现在10月至次年4月。大气灰霾导致能见度恶化。自20世纪80年代初开始,该地区的能见度急剧恶化,灰霾天气显著增加,其中有3次大的波动,分别代表与珠江三角洲经济发展相伴随的气溶胶污染、硫酸盐加气溶胶污染、光化学过程的细粒子加硫酸盐加气溶胶的复合污染时期。雾和轻雾造成的低能见度的长期变化趋势,没有由于人类活动影响或经济发展影响带来的趋势性变化,其波动主要反映了气候波动固有的年际和年代际变化。珠江三角洲能见度的恶化主要与细粒子关系比较大,PM10有一半月均值超过国家二级标准的日均值浓度限值(150μg/m3),而PM2.5月均值全部超过美国国家标准的日均值浓度限值(65μg/m3),尤其是10月至次年1月的月均值浓度几乎超过标准限值的1倍,细粒子浓度甚高。另外PM2.5占PM10的比重非常高(58%—77%),尤其是旱季比雨季更高。与15a前的资料相比较,细粒子在气溶胶中的比重有明显增加,因而在目前珠江三角洲的气溶胶污染中,主要是细粒子的污染。
The studies on the effect of atmospheric aerosol on climate and environment are hot issues in the current circle of international science and technology. In recent years, the pollution of aerosols is getting worse and worse over the Pearl River Delta （PRD）. The cloud of aerosol could occur all year around, with an area of heavy pollution located in the western side of the estuary of the Pearl River. The haze weather mainly occurred from October to next April, resulting in visibility deterioration. Since the beginning of the 19 80s, haze weather has obviously increased and visibility dramatically deteriorated over the PRD. There were three times of big deterioration fluctuations accompanied with the development of economy, that is to say, the dust pollution period from the beginning to middle 1980s, the sulphate and dust pollution period in 1990 - 1997, and the dust, sulphate, and automobile exhaust pollution period from 2002. There was no indication that the long-term tendency of fog and light fog days is affected by human activities or economical development, and it was governed by the intrinsically inter-annual and inter-decadal variations of climate. The deterioration of visibility had close relation to the fine particles over the PRD. Half of monthly mean PM10 observations exceeded the day- mean critical value of national second graded standard（ 150 μg/m^3）, and all of monthly mean PM2.5 values exceeded the day-mean critical value of American national standard（ 150 μg/m^3）, especially in October to next January, the monthly mean value of PM2.5 almost reached twice the standard value, indicating that the fine particle concentration was very high. The ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 was also very high, and it could reach 58 - 77%, in particular in dry seasons. Therefore, the fine particle pollution dominates the present aerosol pollution over the PRD. In comparison with the data observed 15 years ago, the ratio of fine particles has obviously increased.
出处
《气象学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第4期510-517,i0002,共9页
Acta Meteorologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(40375002
40418008)
"973"计划项目课题(2006CB403701)
广东省自然科学基金(033029)
广东省重点科技攻关项目(2004A30401002
2005B32601011)
广州市应用基础研究项目(2004J1-0021)
关键词
珠江三角洲
气溶胶云
大气灰霾
能见度恶化
Pearl River Delta, Aerosol cloud, Brownish haze, Visibility deterioration
