摘要
化学势是热力学强度量,在讨论组分可变的多组元热力学系统中有着重要的应用,介绍了化学势的引入过程和基本定义以及在不同状态下的表达式,论证了化学势是判断化学平衡的依据;证明了化学势是扩散、相变和化学反应的推动力。在能量公设的基础上,证明了在外场作用下化学势不仅与温度、压强及各组分的摩尔质量有关,还与外场的特征参数有关,导出了外场作用下化学势的普遍化表达式。利用这个普遍化表达式解释了地球表面大气的平衡分布。导出的外场作用下化学势的普遍化表达式为利用外场的协同作用强化传质过程提供了理论指导。
Chemical potential is an intensive property, which has important applications in the description of thermodynamic system with changeable components. The definition of chemical potential and its expressions under different conditions were introduced. It was proved that chemical potential are not only the criterion to estimate chemical balance but also the active forces of diffusions, phase changes and chemical reactions. Based on the energy postulate, the generalized expression of chemical potential with external fields was derived, which shows that chemical potential not only depends on temperature, pressure and molar mass of the component, but also is affected by the characteristic parameters of the external fields. Using this generalized expression of chemical potential, the balance distribution of atmos-phere on the earth surface was explained. The generalized expression of chemical potential advanced in this paper could provide a new way in the transfer enhancement with field synergy.
出处
《广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2006年第3期17-21,共5页
Journal of Guangxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划"973"项目资助课题(G2000026307)
教育部重点实验室基金资助课题
关键词
化学势
平衡条件
普遍化表达式
场协同
chemical potential
balance condition
generalized expression
field synergy
