摘要
景观生态学是研究由不同生态系统所组成的景观的空间结构、相互作用、功能及动态变化。研究人类活动的区域差异对景观结构的影响，探讨人类活动的强弱对生物生境和资源分布格局的干扰，成为景观生态学研究的一个重要方面。本文以我国黄河三角洲地区东营市为研究区域，通过选取景观多样性、优势度、景观破碎度和景观分离度作为评价指标，分析了该区人类活动和景观结构之间的关系。研究表明，人类活动对景观结构具有显著的影响，主要表现在：１）人类活动对景观多样性有较为明显的影响，随着人类活动的加强，景观多样性降低。２）人类活动的强度与景观的破碎度成正比关系，随着人类活动的加强，景观越破碎，其破碎度的值越大，人类活动越弱，景观破碎度的值越小。３）景观分离度与人类活动的关系较为复杂，表现为两个方面，与人类活动密切相关的景观类型，如耕地和居民点及工矿用地，景观的分离度与人类活动强度成反比关系，对于那些受人类影响遗留下的自然或半自然景观类型，如：草地、水域、盐碱地及荒地，景观的分离度和人类活动成正比关系。
Landscape ecology deals mainly with the spatial pattern, interaction, function and dynamic change of landscape which is composed of various ecosystems. Studies on the impact of human activity on landscape pattern, biological habitat and resource distribution have been a very important field of landscape ecology. In this paper, Dongying region in Yellow river Delta was selected for case study. Four indices such as landscape diversity,landscape dominance, landscape fragmentation and landscape isolation were chosen to analyze quantitatively the rela- tionship between human activity and landscape structure. The landscape diversity in this area decreased with the increase of human activity while the landscape dominance was in a direct proportion to human activity. In this region, the landscape was becoming more fragmented with the strengthening of human activity. There was an inverse relationship between the land- scape isolation and human activity for those man-made landscape types,such as landscape type 1(farmland),landscape 5 (residential site),but for those natural or remained landscape types such as the landscape type 3(forest land),landscape type 4(grassland),landscape type 7(wet land ) and landscape type 8(unclaimed land),there was a direct relationship between the land- scape isolation and human activity. It was such concluded that the human activity has a strong impact on the landscape structure.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1996年第4期337-344,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金
中国科学院院长基金
关键词
景观生态学
黄河三角洲
景观结构
人类活动
Yellow river Delta,landscape diversity,landscape dominance,landscape fragmentation,landscape isolation
