摘要
目的:心理咨询与治疗已成为一门较为成熟的临床心理科学,但心理咨询与治疗实践不够规范,就伦理学研究现状、意义、主要思想观点、伦理学教育内容、伦理学规范及目前中国心理咨询与治疗伦理道德现实困境的文献做一综述。资料来源:应用计算机检索CHKD数据库1994-01/2005-11期间相关文章,并手工检索医学与哲学、中国医学伦理学2000-01/2005-10期间相关的杂志,检索词“心理咨询,心理治疗”,限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,纳入标准:关于心理咨询与治疗的伦理学研究现状、伦理学规范及目前心理咨询与治疗伦理道德现实困境的文献。排除标准:综述类文献和重复研究心理咨询与治疗的伦理学规范、意义及伦理学教育内容的文献。对剩余的文献开始查找全文。资料提炼:共收集到20篇关于心理咨询与治疗的伦理学研究现状、伦理学规范及目前心理咨询与治疗伦理道德现实困境的文献,9篇符合纳入标准。排除11篇,此类文章涉及心理咨询与治疗的伦理学的技术、研究方法、费用及程序的标准化。资料综合:心理咨询与治疗在中国起步较晚,各方面还欠成熟和完善,尤其是伦理学研究及伦理学教育。①心理咨询与治疗的伦理学研究的现状和意义:心理咨询与治疗的职业道德与伦理继承了医学和心理学职业道德规范。②心理咨询与治疗的伦理学研究的主要思想和观点:高技术与高尚医德是发展中国心理咨询与治疗事业的两大支柱。心理咨询与治疗的伦理道德存在地域、文化、民族的差异。③心理咨询与治疗者的伦理教育内容:心理咨询与心理治疗者伦理意识教育;心理咨询与治疗者的基本伦理教育;规范作业;保守秘密;知情同意。④心理咨询与治疗的伦理学规范及其管理伦理学规范:目前中国没有相应的准入标准和培训机构认证标准,行业内部由于缺乏最高的行会组织无法进行有效自律。⑤心理咨询与治疗的伦理道德现实困境:主要涉及专业心理人才、社会经济、相应法规、权威机构及管理等方面问题。结论:目前心理咨询与治疗的伦理学研究较薄弱,在很大程度上制约了中国心理咨询与治疗工作的发展。为了积极完善心理咨询与治疗的伦理学教育,心理咨询与治疗的伦理学研究势在必行。
OBJECTIVE： Psychological consultation and treatment has been a mature clinical science of psychology, while the psychological result and practicing of treatment are not standard. To review the literatures related to the present status, significance, main viewpoints and contents of ethical education, ethical standard as well as the difficulty in Chinese psychological consultation and treatment of ethics.
DATA SOURCES： A computer-based search was conducted in CHKD database for relevant articles published between January 1994 and November 2005. Meanwhile, relevant magazines about medical science and philosephy as well as Chinese medical ethics published between January 2000 and October 2005 were manually searched with the key words of ＂psychological consultation, psychological treatment＂, and the language was limited to Chinese.
STUDY SELECTION： Data were checked in the first trial. Inclusion criteria： Literatures on the present status, standards of ethics and difficulty in reality between the psychological consultation and treatment and the ethics. Exclusion criteria： Reviews and repetitive studies about the ethical standard, significance and contents of ethical education of psychological consultation and treatment. Rest literatures were looked for the full texts. DATA EXTRACTION： A total of 20 literatures on the present status and standards of ethics in the psychological consultation and treatment as well as difficulty between psychological consultation and treatment and ethics in reality were collected. Nine studies were in accordance with the inclusion criteria, and 11 literatures involved in the techniques, researching methods, fees and procedure-standardization of ethics were excluded.
DATA SYNTHESIS： Psychological consultation and treatment conducted in China is much later, which is immature and imperfect in many aspects, especially the ethical research and education. ① The present status and significance of psychological consultation and treatment as well as the ethical research： The professional ethics and ethics of psychological consultation and treatment inherited the professional moral norm of medical sciences and psychology. ②The principle ideas and viewpoints of research on ethics of psychological consultation and treatment： High-technique and noble medical ethics are two great supports in developing Chinese industry of psychological consultation and treatment. There are differences in moral ethics among different area, culture and nation. ③ Contents of ethical education for psychological consultation. The ethical education of consciousness for psychological consultations： standard manipulation, secret-conser- vation as well as the knowing and agreement of patients. ④The ethical standards of psychological consultation and treatment as well as its ethical standards of management： There are no corresponding standards for diagnosis and certificate in the training organization of China at present, and lacking of supreme organization in the industry results in no effective selfdiscipline. ⑤ Difficulty in the reality of moral ethics of psychological consuhation and treatment, mainly including the problems of psychological specialists, social economics, corresponding regulations, authorized organizations and administration etc.
CONCLUSION： The research on ethics of psychological consultation and treatment is still insufficient, which greatly limits the development of Chinese psychological consultation and treatment. To actively perfect the ethical education of psychological consultation and treatment, more work must be done on psychological consultation and treatment.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第38期114-116,共3页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
