摘要
首先通过组织培养的方法，建立了耐盐果树滨梅（Prunus maritima）的微繁殖体系．研究发现，对于滨梅的种子萌发，以改良MS（硝酸铵减半）培养基加入0．02％活性炭、6-BA 10mg／L最为合适，此时种子萌发率可以达到100％，正常苗率达到90％．对于不定芽的诱导，结果表明，当选用子叶作为外植体时，以MS培养基加入TDZ 1．0mg／L、BA0．5mg／L效果最好，不定芽萌发率能达到80％，每个子叶上的发芽数能达到（4．6±0．35）个．当外植体选用一年生的叶片和嫩茎时，在添加了表面活性剂的吐温组，叶片的不定芽诱导率达到53％，嫩茎高达56％，显著高于没有使用表面活性剂的对照组，且嫩茎的萌发率要高于叶片，而叶片诱导不定芽的合适宽度为3～5mm．对于通过愈伤组织诱导不定芽，实验发现最合适的激素配比是：MS培养加入2，4-D0．25mg／L＋BA0．5mg／L＋NAA0．25mg／L＋ZT 0．5mg／L，分化率达94％，平均每个愈伤组织可以产生从芽8．4个．实验亦发现GA对不定芽的萌发有抑制效果，而对于再生芽的萌发，GA有显著的促进作用．对于愈伤的诱导，实验发现子叶诱导愈伤组织的能力要高于嫩茎和叶片，在MS培养基＋2，4-D1.0mg／L＋BA0．5mg／L中，子叶诱导愈伤的频率达83％，其次是嫩茎，达76％，叶片诱导愈伤效果最差，只有23％．对于从愈伤快速再生分化苗，发现在MS培养基＋ZT 2．0mg／L和BA2．0mg／L时，对不定芽有最大再生效果，长度可达3．1cm／20d．生根实验发现，单独使用NAA，对分化苗生根率、生根数和根长度都有最大效果，分别达93％，3．1／棵，（4．3±0．53）cm．实验还发现，炼苗的适宜温度在23℃，试管苗的茎长和根长都大于3cm时使用蛭石作为基质，成活率能够达到56％．
In this experiment, we used the beach plum （Prunus maritima） as material, which is a sand dune plant on the North Atlantic Coast of the U. S. and has the potential as an important tool of the ecological restoration and utilization in saline soils. This paper presents a protocol for micropropagation of beach plum. The results showed that the halved concentration of NH4 NO3 in the MS medium supplemented with 0. 02% active carbon and 10 mg/L BA was optimum for the bourgeon of the seeds. The budding result was up to 100%, and the percentage of heathy plantlets was up to 90%.
Adventitious shoots were regenerated from immature cotyledons, shoots, leaves and shoot tips. We found that MS medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators benefited different explants. MS medium, supplemented with 1.0 mg/L TDZ and 0. 5 mg/L BA, significantly increased the number of successfully established cultures in immature cotyledons. And the best match for leaves and shoot were 4. 4 mg/L BA＋0. 5 mg/L IBA＋10 g/L Tween-20 in MS medium. For induced adventitious shoots from callus, 0. 25 mg/L 2,4-D＋0. 5 mg/L BA＋ 0. 25 mg/L NAA＋0. 5 mg/L ZT with MS medium gave optimal shoot proliferation（94%）. The experiment also found that GA significantly reduced the number of successfully established cultures in shoots and leaves, but it gave a contrary result of inducing the shoot tips.
Callus was induced from immature cotyledons, shoots, leaves. The results showed that cotyledons had the best effect（83%）, and the next were shoots （76%）, the last one were the leaves （23%）
To get the best shooting rate, MS medium supplemented with 2. 0 mg/L ZT and 2. 0 mg/L BA was proper. The length of the shoot reached 3. 1 cm after being transferred in that culture for 20 days. For in vitro rooting, the best treatment was 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0. 2 mg/L NAA. We found the proper culture temperature for transplanting plantlets was 23 ℃, which resulted in the survival percentage for 56 %.
出处
《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第5期490-498,共9页
Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）
基金
国家林业局"948"项目优质"耐盐经济植物的引种与栽培技术引进"(2005-4-43)
关键词
滨梅
组织培养
微繁殖
愈伤组织诱导
植物激素
beach plum, tissue culture, micropropagation in vitro, callus induction, phytohormone
