摘要
通过对31个扬稻系列品种(组合)特性、系谱组成、育种方法和推广应用的综合分析,阐明了扬稻系列品种(组合)选育的基本经验:根据生产需求和发展形势,分析主客观条件,抓住主要矛盾,寻求切入点,确定“四稻并举、总体提高、重点突破”的育种策略,运用综合育种方法,不断推出适用品种。分析扬稻系列品种(组合)系谱,骨干亲本集中。如常规籼稻基础亲本为BG90-2;杂交籼稻注重籼粳亚种优势利用,育成的恢复系中百分之八十融入广亲和材料02428的血缘。常规籼稻选育采用“搭梯上楼”的育种方法,以基础亲本为主干,融合优良性状,提高综合性能;籼型恢复系选育则采用优势叠加的方法,实行优势互补,完善品种性能。根据“个体看匀称、群体看协调、机能看熟相”的多年育种经验,在不同世代对茎系、叶系、穗系进行各有侧重的选择。建立定型品系的小群体(10m2)鉴定圃,构建选择群体,进行综合性状的评估鉴定,提高选择的准确性。对杂交籼稻组合的选育,建立两个程序:对恢复系进行严格鉴定筛选,主要性状超过主栽杂交组合;对杂交组合进行大量测配鉴定,综合比较优势。对育成品种进行后续加工,利用剩余变异,改造种性缺陷。利用扬州与海南两个大跨度的生态区进行多世代适应性选择。在品种推广应用中,组织多学科、多区域、多层次、多领域协作,总体规划,分步实施,育、繁、推一体化,试验、示范、推广相结合,以点带面,逐步推开,实行跟踪服务,并注重信息反馈,着重抓了6方面工作:①多点示范,扩大应用范围。②配套技术同步进行,提高增产效益。③加强科普,提高技术普及率。④加强提纯复壮,提供优良种源。⑤建立产业链式开发技术体系。⑥强化知识产权保护,规范种子市场秩序。
Since 1980 the total 31 rice cultivars have been bred and registered by the researchers of Yangzhou Academy of Agricultural Science. Most of them have been applied in various eco-areas of ricegrowing, which results in enormous social and economic efficient. Through the comprehensive analysis of those cultivars, including their pedigree, main agronomic characteristics, breeding method and extension strategies, it is intended to make some successful experiences adopted in future rice breeding. It is usually recommended to follow the breeding strategy ＂Balance development of indica and japanica, pure and hybrid rice; Outstanding improvement of main characters based on best designing of all characteristics for each variety＂, and make out breeding objects for breeding commercial cultivars that could be suitable to the various ecological conditions and farming systems, and needs of agricultural production and people＇s living.
In aspect of pure varieties of indica rice BG902, one landrace from Sri Lanka, and some IR accessions from IRRI were used as parents to breed eight cuhivars named from Yangdao No.1 to Yangdao No.8 by general selection, hybridization, step＇s hybridization and shuttering back and forth breeding. All of these fourteen cultivars were gradually improved in the characters related yielding and resistance to diseases. In the aspect of pure Japanica rice some varieties with better resistance to pests introduced from Japan and several landraces from Taihu area were used as parents to breed at least six cultivars, which were suitable to growing in various ecological conditions and systems. As to the breeding of hybrid rice the CMS-restoring lines was a key problem. One wide compatible accession 02428, some intermediate lines from indica×japanica, restorersxresistant lines and some others were used parents to create elite restoring lines with high compatible and CMS-restoring abilities. Meanwhile the grain quality has been paid attention during the selection of new cuhivars. More than fifteen hybrid rice combinations have been bred in the past decades.
In order to enhance the creating ability in rice breeding the researchers always have close cooperation with institutions. They could get the new materials with various elite characters as well as fundamental information in time from scientists there. During the extension of new cuhivars a net work including various disciplines, research fields and levels was formed to promote transformation and back-up of information. It is also gradually completed that the new type of devel extension, production, procession and achievements. trading opmental system involved in breeding, reproduction of seed, It is assured that the commercialization of new scientific
出处
《中国农学通报》
CSCD
2006年第10期116-123,共8页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
国家"863"计划"优质超级三系杂交水稻新组合选育及分子育种技术研究"(2002AA2070002)
江苏省高技术研究计划"优质高产多抗杂交籼稻新组合选育"(BG2004301)资助
关键词
水稻品种
品种特性
系谱
育种方法
推广应用
Yangdao serial, Rice cuhivars, Pedigree, Breeding methods, Extension
