摘要
由于土地利用方式改变以及人为砍伐等多种原因的共同作用,导致我国各地的常绿阔叶林均发生了不同程度的退化.本项研究从物种多样性角度出发,首先对浙江天童常绿阔叶林及其退化群落的α多样性进行了对比,进而利用逐步回归的方法,从9种可能影响该地区物种多样性的因子:海拔、坡度、坡向、用地类型、土层厚度、人类干扰强度、与自然植被的距离、同主要道路的距离以及距离村庄远近中,筛选出主要因子,并分析了它们对物种多样性的影响.结果表明:(1)常绿阔叶林的α多样性要显著高于退化群落;(2)对退化群落物种丰富度影响较显著的因子主要是:土层厚度、到自然植被的距离以及用地类型.其中物种丰富度与土层厚度呈正相关,与到自然植被的距离呈负相关,而废弃的人工果园、用材林中植被的物种丰富度相对另两类用地类型要高.(3)通过把前述9个因素划分为生境、景观、人类干扰三大类型后可以发现,它们对退化群落物种丰富度的作用大小存在明显差异.三大类因素对退化群落总体的物种多样性都有显著影响;对于退化的针叶林来说,主要的影响因子是生境和人类干扰;而就退化的灌丛而言,则主要是生境因素.
The evergreen broad-leaved forest communities in East China have been subject to extensive disturbances such as changing land-use, agricultural development and logging. To describe the character of species diversity of the degraded evergreen broad-leaved forests around Tiantong National Forest Park, their a diversity indices were compared with those of nearby mature evergreen broad-leaved forest communities. Multiple stepwise regression was used to determine which factors, such as elevation, aspect, slope, land use type, soil depth, human impact intensity and distance to natural vegetation, road and village, affected the species richness of degraded communities. Overall the α diversity of the evergreen broad-leaved forest communities was higher than that of the degraded communities. In the degraded communities, the depth of soil and land use type, together with distance to natural vegetation were the main factors influencing the species richness. We also found a positive correlation between the species diversity of degraded communities and soil depth, but distance to natural vegetation was negatively correlated with diversity, in abandoned orchard the species diversity was higher than that of other land use types. The nine influencing factors can be divided into three groups, which include habitat factors, landscape elements and human disturbance activities. All three groups are important in determining species richness in the degraded communities. However, habitat factors alone play an important role in contributing species richness in shrub communities, while both habitat factors and human disturbance activities are significant in the conifer forests.
出处
《华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第6期91-97,116,共8页
Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)
基金
国家自然科学基金重点研究资助项目(30130060)
关键词
退化群落
物种多样性
多元逐步回归
环境和用地类型因子
degraded communities
species diversity
stepwise multiple regression
environmental and land use factors
