1Peacok J E,Spiers S P W,McLauchlan G A,et al.Infusion of propofol to identify smallest effective doses for induction of anaesthesia in young and elderly patients[J].Br J Anaesth,1992,69:363.
2Claeys M A,Gepts E,Camu F.Heamodynamic interation during anesthesia induced and maintained with propofol[J].Br J Anaesth,1988,60:3.
3Kazama T,Ikeda K,Morita K,Kikura M,Doi M,Ikeda T,Kurita T,Nakajima Y:Comparison of the effect-site ke0s of propofol for blood pressure and EEG bispectral index in elderly and younger patients[J].Anesthesiology,1999,90:1517.
4Schmidt C,Roosens C,Struys M,et al.Contractility in humans after coronary artery surgery[J].Anesthesiology,1999,91:58.
5Olmos M,Ballester J A,Vidarte M A,et al.The combined effect of age and premedication on the propofol requirements for induction by target-controlled infusion[J].Anesth Analg,2000,90:1157.
2Atlee J L, Dhamee M S, Olund T L, et al. The use of esmolol, nicardipine, or their combination to blunt hemodynamic changes after laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation [ J ]. Anesth Analg, 2000, 90 ( 2 ) : 280 - 285.
3Korpinen R,Simola M, Saarnivaara L. Effect of esmolol on the hemodynamic and electrocardiographic changes during laryngomicroscopy under propofol-alfentanil anesthesia [ J ]. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg, 1998, 49(2) : 123 -132.
4Fita G, Gomar C, Rovira I. Esmolol in anesthesiology: pharmacology and indications[J]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim, 1999, 46(9) : 404 -414.
5Urban M K, Markowitz S M, Gordon M A, et al. Postoperative prophylactic administration of beta-adrenergic blockers in patients at risk for myocardial ischemia[J]. Anesth Analg, 2000, 90(6): 1257 -1261.
