摘要
智利是拉美地区最早对传统的现收现付制养老金制度进行结构性改革的国家，也是世界上第一个将社会养老保险基金转为私营化管理的国家。这一巨大变化的深刻社会、经济、政治背景是：养老金管理体系混乱；公立管理机构效率低下；养老金给付水平盲目增长；人口老龄化。智利现行养老金制度框架是：以强制性个人储蓄的“新制度”为主导；同时保留具有社会保险特点的“旧制度”；建立了适应两种制度并存的政府监督管理体系。对智利模式，褒贬不一。肯定的观点是：增加国民储蓄，推动经济增长；促进资本市场的稳定和繁荣；促进保险市场和房地产市场的发展；促进社会稳定；促进国营企业私有化改革。存在的争议是：养老金的保值增值问题；覆盖率有限；管理成本过高；产生新的不平等。
Chile is the first Latin American countries to structurally reform its traditional pay-as-you-go pension system, It is also the first country in the world to allow pension funds to be managed commercially. The social, economic and political background of this gigantic change is： chaotic pension funds management, low efficiency of public fund management agencies, spiraling pension payout and aging of population. The current pension system framework of Chile is driven by the＂new policy＂ of mandatory individual savings, which exist in parallel with the＂ legacy policy＂ featuring social insurance. Meanwhile, it also established a government supervisory system fitting with the co-existence of the two systems. There are both positive and negative comments on the Chile model, On the positive side, it is thought that this model will increase national savings and enhance economic growth; it will promote market stability and prosperity; it will boost the development of the insurance market and the housing industry; it will enhance social stability; and it will accelerate privatization of state-owned enterprises. The concerns are on the value preservation and appreciation, its limited coverage, high cost of management and possible creation of new social disparity.
出处
《保险研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第11期87-89,79,共4页
Insurance Studies
关键词
养老金制度
现收现付制度
私营化管理
强制性个人储蓄
pension system
pay-as-you-as system
privatized management
mandatory individual savings
