摘要
通过对厦门市1993年TM遥感影像和2003年ETM^＋遥感影像的解译分析和数据统计，从湿地面积动态变化和湿地消长情况等方面，用单一土地利用动态度等指标对1993～2003年期间厦门市的湿地变化进行了研究。结果表明，1993～2003年期间厦门市天然湿地面积减少了2103hm^2，其中有954hm^2（滩涂864hm^2）转变为非湿地，有1149hm^2转变为人工湿地；而人工湿地面积增加了2775hm^2，其中养殖场面积从1993年的5778hm^2迅猛增加到2003年的9768hm^2，年均增长率为6．91％，水库与水塘和盐田则分别减少了961hm^2和254hm^2。有27．74％、11．41％、9．33％和3．63％的养殖场面积分别是由非湿地、滩涂、盐田和水库与水塘转变而来的；有54．37％的盐田转变成了养殖场，有33．24％、30．24％的红树林转变为非湿地、养殖场，有10．35％、8．64％的滩涂转变为养殖场、非湿地。对社会经济驱动因素的分析表明，经济发展、人口增长和农业生产比较利益因素极大影响着厦门市湿地的动态变化。
The wetland is most important survival environment. To the cities, which are border by sea, reasonable development and protection of the wetlands has the vital significance. Xiamen is a beautiful city by sea, situated in the southeast of Fujian Province, with the ocean climate of subtropical monsoon in south Asia. Its area and sea area are 1 569.3 km^2 and more than 300 km^2 respectively.
In order to reveal the characteristic of seacoast wetlands in Xiamen, the wetlands were mainly the natural wetland and the constructed wetland. The natural wetlands included the shallow sea, the the Estuary, the silt beach, the river, and the mangrove. And constructed wetlands included the divided into sand beach, aquaculture, reservoir and pond, the brine pan. Through the interpretation, analysis and statistic to the TM remote sensing images in 1993 and the ETM ^＋ remote sensing images in 2003, the dynamic change of the wetlands were analyzed with the single land use dynamic index and other indexes from several aspects which are the wetland area dynamic changes and the wetland conversion situation in Xiamen from 1993 to 2003.
The results indicated that during the period of 1993 to 2003 the total area of the wetlands increased by 672 hm^2, in which the natural wetlands reduced by 2 103 hm^2 and the artificial wetlands increased by 2 775 hm^2. The aquaculture area quickly expanded from 5 778 hm^2 in 1993 to 9 768 hm^2 in 2003, with an average annual growth rate of 6.91% ; 954 hm^2 natural wetland including 864 hm^2 silt beach was turned into the non - wetland, and 1 149 hm^2 natural wetland was transformed into the artificial wetland; most of the brine pan and the reservoir and pond were turned into the aquaculture. 27.74%, 11.41%, 9.33% and 3.63% aquaculture respectively was from the non - wetland, the silt beach, the brine pan and the reservoir and pond. 54.37% brine pan was turned into the aquaculture. 33, 24% and 30.24% mangrove respectively were turned into the non - wetland and the aquaculture. 10.35% and 8.64% silt beach were converted to the aquaculture and the non -wetland.
The preliminary studies on the social economy factors driving mechanism suggested that, the economical development, the population growth and the agricultural production comparative advantage have been significantly affecting dynamic changes of the wetlands in Xiamen.
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
2006年第4期298-303,共6页
Wetland Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40401049)资助
关键词
湿地
动态变化
遥感影像
厦门市
wetland
dynamic change
. remote sensing image
Xiamen
