摘要
中水是解决城市水资源紧缺的重要手段之一,如何使中水资源调度和管线建设达到最优化是当前中水资源利用所面临的亟待解决问题之一。本文基于系统论的基本原理,根据中水利用的过程状况和现实条件,通过对中水利用系统进行模拟分析,从成本、距离和获取量的宏观角度建立起中水利用优化的五套线性规划模型。在建立模型过程中,充分考虑到中水资源实际利用时的特点,针对不同情况分别采用了专家打分法,用水量比拟权重法,用水地面积比拟权重法等。在模型的编程过程中,实现模型与地理信息系统相结合,从而达到自动提取空间物体的面积、长度等属性数据,便于模型在运行过程中修改数据。通过五套模型的组合使用,最大程度上优化中水资源的利用,为中水资源的优化分配提供技术支持,为输送管线的改造和铺设提供辅助决策支持,从而全面促进中水资源的科学利用,保护有限的淡水资源。
The optimization of reclaimed water dispatching and pipeline construction becomes urgent since Reclaimed water reuse is an important solution for the urban water shortage. This paper established five linear planning models for optimizing the reclaimed water utilization based on the process status and the current conditions of reclaimed water utilization by simulating the reclaimed water utilization system from macro perspectives of cost, distance and acquisition volume. They are overall optimization model, first weighting optimization model, second weighting optimization model, minimum path optimization model, and optimization model of maximum water volume. The characteristics of reclaimed water in actual application are explicitly explored in the course of modeling. In the overall optimization model, water is supplied once in an optimization manner. However, this model seldom gives an answer due to the restrictions on water supply volume, pipe laying, connection, and so on. In the first weighting optimization model, expert scoring method is used to determine the water consumption type according to the importance of different periods. Then the water consumption types are ordered by the priorities based on the scores and the water is supplied according to the priorities. The weighs can be adjusted according to the different situations or the actual demand. In the second weighting optimization model, expert scoring is not appropriate for the water consumption in this model is very huge. In fact, the place area and the quantity of water consumption reflect the relative importance of the same water consumption type. Therefore, the quantity analogy of water consumption or the area analogy of water consumption place is used to arrange the priority of the same water consumption type. And water is supplied according to the priority result. In the minimum optimization model, the sum of paths through which total water flows at minimum cost is minimized. The path is the actual pipeline length for pipe optimization and straight stretch between reclaimed water plant and water consumption place for pipeless optimization. In optimization model of maximum water volume, water is supplied to a maximum extent to meet the demands. Pipe optimization result is calculated from existing pipeline network, and provides the technical support to the reclaimed water dispatching. Pipeless optimization is the dispatching under the ideal conditions. Comparison between the optimization and the existing pipeline network reflects the redundancy and the deficiency of the existing pipeline network, and gives the auxiliary decision-making support to the laying and the improvement of the existing pipeline network.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第1期84-91,共8页
Resources Science
基金
北京市教育委员会资助项目:"再生水利用水文生态效应与优化配置"(编号:KE200410028014)
关键词
中水
优化决策模型
地理信息系统
Reclaimed water
Optimized decision-making models
GIS
