摘要
目前关于流域水土资源优化配置研究的特点表现为:对单项的水、土资源优化配置研究较多,把两者结合起来的研究较少;分别从宏观和微观两个尺度研究的较多,将两种尺度结合起来研究的较少;越来越重视资源配置模式下的生态系统服务功能状况及其能否满足特定区域可持续发展的需要;研究方法逐渐由定性向定量化转变,在定量研究中,较多使用一般线性规划、灰色线性规划、动态规划、多目标决策和系统动力学等方法;越来越重视以3S技术为基础,结合专业模型进行模拟,为水土资源配置和管理提供高质量的科学决策支持,但目前还没有建立完善的区域性的支持系统。通过重点对水土资源优化配置的定量化方法进行比较分析,今后的研究应当重视:①进一步完善流域水土资源优化配置的理论与方法,特别是与区域特点相结合,利用系统科学等多种学科的理论和方法实现宏观尺度上的优化配置;②加强GIS技术与定量模型的契合;③着力解决若干重要的科学和实践问题,如:特定地区生态效益的量化、生态效益与经济效益比例的确定、生态需水量的理论与方法、森林植被的水文效应、农业节水与水资源管理关键技术等;④开发建立流域水土资源优化的决策支持系统。
Although there are lots of researches on optimal allocation of water or land resource at present, few have combined the two factors with each other both in macro- and micro-scale. The study in macroscale would help to promote regional allocation efficiency and, in contrast, the study in microscopic scale would help to raise resources utilization efficiency. In general, the researches on macro-scale focus on adjusting crops structure, making master plan of irrigation for irrigated agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas. But the researches in micro-scale allocation all more emphasize to achieve high economic benefits. Now people pay more and more attention to the study on establishing models and adjusting parameters in order to improve degraded ecosystems and ecosystem services to meet the increasing needs to regional sustainable development. However, many researchers pay more attentions to single elements than the couple system with water and land resources, especially their interaction. The mathematical methods to realize optimal allocation have transformed from qualitative to quantitative, and lots of models have been used in the process, such as general linear programming, grey linear programming, dynamic programming, multi-objection decision-making and system dynamics model. These methods have different merits and application scales. It is no doubt that the dissection and comparison for the models are very important, but we should not ignore to improve their operational efficiency and to find the port to connect different methods. And, it is necessary to transform and combine the results referring to both of macro- and micro-scales. Currently, scholars pay lots of attentions on Decision Support System, which combine Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System and Global Position System （3＂ S＂） techniques with special models, so as to provide enough supports to water and land resources optimal allocation and management. Through analyzing these methods for optimal allocation, the in-depth studies were suggested as following： 1） to further perfect the theories and techniques of optimization allocation viewing from the systematical point combining with the nature of watershed; 2） to strengthen the integration between GIS and quantitative models; 3） to reinforce the study on some related problems liking the quantification of regional ecological benefits, the determination of ratio of ecological and economic benefits, the theories and methods of ecological water requirement, the hydrological effects of forest vegetation, the key techniques of agricultural water-saving and water resource management; and 4） to develop the decision support systems for water and land resources optimal allocation in watershed scale.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第2期188-193,共6页
Resources Science
基金
国家"973"项目(编号:2002CB111506)
关键词
流域
水土资源
优化配置
比较分析
Watershed
Water and land resources
Optimal allocation
Comparison and analysis
