摘要
采用调查研究、田间试验和室内分析相结合的方法，于2001—2002年对重庆市烟区土壤、烟叶含氯量现状进行了调查研究，根据调查结果于2003—2004年进行了不同施氯量的田间试验，研究了氯对烟叶产量和质量的影响以及氯在土壤中的残留．结果表明：重庆植烟土壤含氯量低，平均为13．4mg／kg，严重缺氯的土壤（Cl≤2mg／kg）样本占19．2％；可能缺氯的土壤（Cl≤10mg／kg）占50％．重庆市烟叶含氯量很低，平均为0．70g／kg，有99％的烟叶样本含氯量低于优质烟叶要求的含氯下限（3g／kg），烟叶含氯量低已成为影响烟叶质量的限制因素．烟叶含氯量随施氯量的增加而升高，二者呈直线或指数相关．施氯量在0～45kg／hm^2范围内，随着施氯量的增加烟叶产量、上等烟比例、产值、总糖和还原糖含量提高；施用适量氯（30～45kg／hm^2）能降低烟叶烟碱及总氮含量；施木克值、K2O／Cl、总糖／烟碱以及烟碱／总氮比趋于合理，协调了烟叶各化学成分的比例，改善了烟叶品质．氯在土壤中的残留量及其动态变化主要受降雨量和降雨强度的影响．重庆烟区的最佳推荐施氯量为30～45kgCl／hm^2．
In 2001-2002, the status of chlorine contents in tobacco-planting soils and tobacco leaves was studied by investigation in combination with field experiment and laboratory analyses in Chongqing. In 2003-2004, field experiments and laboratory analyses were made to study the effects of applied chlorine on the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. The results showed that the content of chlorine was low in Chongqing tobacco-planting soils, averaging 13.4 mg/kg. Soil samples severely deficient in chlorine （〈2 mg/kg） accounted for 19.2% of the total, and soil samples potentially deficient in chlorine （%10 mg/kg） accounted for 50.0% of the total. The chlorine content of tobacco leaf was in the range of 0.11 g/kg to 9.19 g/kg, averaging 0.7 g/kg. In 99% of the tobacco leaf samples, chlorine contents were lower than 3.0 mg/kg, the lower limit for high-quality tobacco leaves. Therefore, low chlorine content in tobacco leaves is a major limiting factor for improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco in Chongqing. In the two-year field experiments, the chlorine content of tobacco leaves was raised with increasing chlorine application rate, and they were in a linear or index correlation. Tobacco leaf yield, the proportion of first-class tobacco leaves, output value, total sugars and reduced sugars increased with Cl application rate within the range of 0-45 kg/hm^2. With optimum application rates （30-45 kg/hm^2）, Cl application reduced the contents of nicotine and total N in tobacco leaves, increased their total sugars and reduced sugars and improved the harmony of chemical components of tobacco leaves such as K2 O/Cl, total sugars/nicotine and nicotine/total nitrogen, and raised the leaf quality. The residual and leaching amount of chlorine in soil were found to be affected mainly by the amount and intensity of rainfall.
出处
《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第3期74-80,共7页
Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
重庆市烟叶公司科研项目(2001-1)
关键词
氯
烤烟
植烟土壤
烟叶品质
重庆市
chlorine
flue-cured tobacco
quality of tobacco leaf
tobacco-planting soil
Chongqing
