摘要
运用景观生态学的原理与方法及3S技术,研究马鞍山市区63.8km2城市森林景观特点及与其他景观的关系;并沿城市南北纵轴设立样带,采用移动窗口法对6个样区景观要素的景观特征进行计算,分析城市森林斑块在城市中心与城郊间的分布规律。结果表明该城市的景观要素有各类硬质铺装表面、城市森林、农业用地、水面与一般绿地五大类,分别占67.25%、16.47%、11.9%、3.99%、0.39%;景观多样性指数1.07128;主要景观要素的优势度排列顺序为硬质表面0.573,城市森林0.472,农田0.122,水面0.114,一般绿地0.029,城市森林已具有较高的环境控制能力。城市森林类型有风景林、庭院林、游憩林、道路林、苗圃及防护林;分别占城市森林面积的40.8%、23.9%、21.5%、7%、3.6%、3.2%;风景林面积最大,斑块数量最少;庭院林斑块数量最多,道路的绿化质量较高。城市森林斑块数达到2464,最大面积185.1hm2,平均面积0.43hm2,大面积的风景林地主要集中在城市西侧;城市森林的景观密度及最小距离指数都反映其具有一定程度聚集分布的特征;而农田在城南与城北近郊具有较高的聚集性;城市森林在城市南北轴向的分布具有明显的变化,其面积比、斑块密度等城区高于近郊;城市北侧的城市森林要优于城市南侧。
Based on theory and methodology of landscape ecology, the landscape configuration of the Maanshan was analyzed by using the technique of RS, GPS and GIS, the study area covered whole downtown with 63.8 km^2 ; meanwhile, a sample transect （covered 63% of the study area） was made along the long axle of the city from its south edge to the north, and total 6 sample plots were analyzed using overlapping moving windows, The results showed that there were 5 major landscape elements, i.e. building and hard pavement surface, urban forest, agricultural field, waters and general greens space, and occupied area 67.25%, 16.47%, 11.9%, 3.99%, 0.39% respectively in order. The landscape diversity 1.071 28, the dominants for landscape elements were put in order as the following： building and pavement surface 0. 573, urban forest 0.472, agrieutural field 0.122,water 0.114,general green space 0.029. According to land use categories and its function, the urban forest could be classified as the following 6 types, landscape forest, yard woods, recreation woods, road side forest, nersery, ecological and shelter forest; they occupied 40.8%, 23.9% , 21.5%, 7%, 3.6%, 3.2% of whole urban forest land separately; Among of them the landscape forest area was the largest but with less patch numbers, and yard woods has most patch numbers and distributed separately more in city area and made more effects on city environment improvement. The numbers of urban forest patch reached to 2 464, the area of the largest one reached up to 185.1 hm^2 and the average area 0.43 hm^2 , the larger patches distributed major in the western side of the city; Both of the urban forest density of landscape and its nearest neighbor index showed that urban forest patch had higher aggregative situation; the investigation from the transect shOwed that urban forest distribution varied from center of downtown to suburb, its area occupation and patch density was all higher in downtown compared to that in suburb, this result was opposite to that from most cities in North America countries. The some suggestions on urban forest development in future were advised in the paper as well.
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第3期51-58,共8页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金
"十五"攻关项目"中国森林生态网络体系‘点’的研究与示范"部分内容(2004BA516A)。
关键词
景观要素
异质性
景观格局
城市森林类型
分布梯度
马鞍山市
landscape element
heterogeneity
landscape pattern
urban forest types
distribution gradient
Maanshan
