摘要
泥火山与火山活动相似,但喷出的是泥浆,泥浆内常常混杂有原油,散发出浓郁的石油味,其伴生的天然气成分以CH4为主,可以点燃。泥火山大多分布在沉积岩分布区,且附近常有油田发现。经分析认为,泥火山的形成须具备泥浆源、断层通道和含天然气三大要素。该三要素也是石油地质理论中油气生成、运移和聚集的三个最重要的条件,此三要素适当配合就能形成油气藏,当断层具开启性且断至地表时,油气藏被破坏,泥浆喷出地表形成泥火山。所以,泥火山的存在,表明该区曾发生过油气的生成、运聚和破坏,可以作为盆地早期油气评价的一项标志。当泥火山附近有独立断块或其它圈闭时,遮挡条件较好,仍然有油气藏保存下来,那么泥火山也成为油气勘探的重要标志。
Mud volcano is a geological phenomenon occurred in many regions of the world. It is similar to volcano but belches mud. Because oil is often intermixed in it, it stinks of the petroleum. Its main associated gas is flammable methane, Mud volcanoes are mostly distributed in sedimentary rock and near which oilfield has been found. According to analysis, three factors should be existed during the forming of mud volcano, mud source, fault passage and natural gas bearing. They are also the most important geology conditions of petroleum geology theory of hydrocarbon generation and migration and accumulation. If these factors properly matched, oil and gas pools are accumulated. When faults are unsealed and reach to the surface, oil and gas pools will be damaged, mud spouted out to surface to form mud volcano. So the existence of mud volcano indicated oil ＆ gas generation and migration and accu- mulation have been taken place in the region, which can be seen as a sign of oil ＆ gas evaluation at early stage. When independent fault blocks and others style traps were found around mud volcano, with favorable sealing conditions and oil and gas pool still will be preserved, mud volcanoes will be an important sign of petroleum exploration.
出处
《吐哈油气》
2007年第1期43-47,共5页
Tuha Oil & Gas
关键词
泥火山
泥浆
甲烷
断层通道
油气运移
破坏型油气藏
mud volcano
mud
methane
fault passage
hydrocarbon migration
destructive hydrocarbon reservoir
