摘要
北极淡水-陆地系统变暖的速度通常大于全球平均速度,特别是在秋季和冬季。许多低温层组分的减少或消失,以及从多雪到多雨气候类型的转变将对淡水生态系统产生多种影响,其中最显著的是春汛优势地位的下降和河冰融解强度的变化。无冰期的延长、气温和水温的升高、高蒸腾植物的增加,以及永久冻土融化引起的渗透性增加将使植物蒸腾作用或土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量增加,从而造成地表水位和面积下降。冰盖和永久冻土的减少、水温升高和植被类型变化对水化学的影响通常是使激流和静水群落生产力增加。冰盖和淡水流量或水位的变化导致北极圈动物栖息地可获得性和质量的某些方面的变化。
In general, the arctic freshwater-terrestrial system will warm more rapidly than the global average, particularly during the autumn and winter season. The decline or loss of many cryospheric components and a shift from a nival to an increasingly pluvial system will produce numerous physical effects on freshwater ecosystems. Of particular note will be reductions in the dominance of the spring freshet and changes in the intensity of river-ice breakup. Increased evaporation/evapotranspiration due to longer ice-free seasons, higher air/water temperatures and greater transpiring vegetation along with increase infiltration because of permafrost thaw will decrease surface water levels and coverage. Loss of ice and permafrost, increased water temperatures and vegetation shifts will alter water chemistry, the general result being an increase in lotic and lentic productivity. Changes in ice and water flow/levels will lead to regime-specific increases and decreases in habitat availability/quality across the circumpolar Arctic.
