摘要
本文从水循环基础理论出发,通过分析水文循环过程的能量转化规律,揭示水循环生态效应变化机理,提出判断生态系统演变与水循环关系的基本准则,以此区分生态需水类型。降雨分布决定了内陆河干旱区与外流域生态需水的基本格局,降雨径流关系的稳定性决定了半湿润半干旱区与湿润地区生态需水的差异,依附于地表水体的水生态系统随水量发生变化,其临界点取决于径流量的丰沛程度。我国区域生态需水类型可分为:西北内陆河干旱区植被生态系统需水;半湿润半干旱区河湖与地下水连通系统的整体生态需水;北方湿润地区河湖水生态系统需水;南方湿润地区维持河流生态服务功能最大化的流量。
The mechanism of ecological effect of water cycling is investigated based on the analysis on the law of energy transfer in the process of hydrological cycling. The criteria for judging the relationship between evolution of ecological system and water cycling is suggested to classify the types of ecological water demand. The distribution of precipitation determines the basic configuration of ecological water demand in arid inland river region and external basin, and the stability of relationship between rainfall and runoff determines the differences of regional ecological water demand among semi-arid, semi-humid and humid region. The water ecosystem depending on surface water changes with the water amount, and its critical point is determined by the rich degree of runoff. The regional ecological water demand in China is classified into three types ： water demand of arid area in inland river region, integrated water demand of semi-arid and semi-humid area which connecting with groundwater and water demand in humid region.
出处
《水利学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第3期282-288,共7页
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
基金
"十五"国家科技攻关计划重大项目(2001BA610A-01
2004BA610A-01)
关键词
水循环
驱动能量
生态效应
生态需水类型
water cycling
driving energy
ecological effect
classification
type of ecological water demand
